We review higher-dimensional unified theories from the general relativity, rather than the particle physics side. Three distinct approaches to the subject are identified and contrasted: compactified, projective and noncompactified. We discuss the cosmological and astrophysical implications of extra dimensions, and conclude that none of the three approaches can be ruled out on observational grou...

In this paper, we analyze the resistance of the lightweight ciphers PRESENT, LED, and KLEIN to biclique attacks. Primarily, we describe attacks on the full-round versions PRESENT-80, PRESENT-128, LED-64, LED-128, KLEIN-80, and KLEIN-96. Our attacks have time complexities of 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, and 2 encryptions, respectively. In addition, we consider attacks on round-reduced versions of PRESENT and ...

Closed strings in extra compactified dimensions give rise to both Kaluza-Klein states and winding states. Since the masses of these states play a reciprocal role, it is often believed that either the lightest Kaluza-Klein states or the lightest winding states must be at or below the string scale. In this Letter, we demonstrate the contrary, showing that there exist toroidal compactifications fo...

As a foundation for Klein’s fundamental idea about the connection of geometry and its motion group and the unified description of all Cayley-Klein geometries, a method of group transitions including contractions as well as analytical continuations of the groups is developed. The generators and Casimir operators of an arbitrary Cayley-Klein group are obtained from those of the classical orthogon...

We describe new bubble decays in pureD+1 dimensional Einstein theory with two compact directions. The instanton solution is constructed by analytic continuation of the Kaluza-Klein electrically charged black hole solution. We show that the instanton describes the decay of a Kaluza-Klein vacuum MD−1 × T 2 with a non-vanishing torus tilt parameter. The decay is produced by the creation of a bubbl...

A toroidal polyhex (resp. Klein-bottle polyhex) described by a string (p, q, t) arises from a p × q-parallelogram of a hexagonal lattice by a usual torus (resp. Klein bottle) boundary identification with a torsion t. A connected graph G admitting a perfect matching is kextendable if |V(G)| ≥ 2k + 2 and any k independent edges can be extended to a perfect matching of G. In this paper, we charact...

Using six-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED 6) as an example we study the one-loop renormalization of the theory both from the six and four-dimensional points of view. Our main conclusion is that the properly renormalized four dimensional theory never forgets its higher dimensional origin. In particular, the coefficients of the neccessary extra counterterms in the four dimensional theory...

Purpose: To investigate the association of standard measures of frailty to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Methods: Time to walk a measured course, handgrip strength, peak expiratory flow rate, ability to stand from a sitting position without using arms, best-corrected visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were assessed at the third examination (1998-2000) of the Beaver Dam Eye Study....