To address whether mitochondrial biogenesis is essential for skeletal myogenesis, C2C12 myogenesis was investigated after knockdown of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquintone) flavoprotein 1 (NDUFV1), which is an oxidative phosphorylation complex I subunit that is the first subunit to accept electrons from NADH. The NDUFVI knockdown enhanced C2C12 myogenesis by decreasing the NAD(+)/NADH ratio and subs...

To explore the effects of LYRM1 knockdown on proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and mitochondrial function in the embryonic carcinoma (P19) cell model of cardiac differentiation. Knockdown of LYRM1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) proliferation assays and cell cycle analysis demonstrated that LYRM1 gene silencing ...

PURPOSE Advanced prostate cancer is first treated with androgen deprivation therapy. However, tumors become resistant to and grow despite castrate levels of testosterone. Growth and proliferation of CRPC is mediated by gain-of-function changes in the AR and AR reactivation. Expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), which regulates cellular ROS, is markedly down-regulated in CRPC when...

Oncoprotein p28GANK knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) can induce hepatoma cells apoptosis. However, the mechanisms have not been well defined yet. In the present study the p28GANK knockdown-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was prevented by caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK). During the knockdown of p28GANK, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delt...

In honey bees, vitellogenin (Vg) is hypothesized to be a major factor affecting hormone signaling, food-related behavior, immunity, stress resistance and lifespan. MicroRNAs, which play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation, likewise affect many biological processes. The actions of microRNAs and Vg are known to intersect in the context of reproduction; however, the role of the...

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short (21-23 nt) double-stranded RNAs that direct the sequence-specific degradation of corresponding mRNAs, resulting in suppression of gene activity. siRNAs are powerful tools for gene functional analysis in mammals. Chemically synthesized siRNAs permit transient gene repression but preclude inhibition of stable gene products as well as long-term phenotypic ...

Stereotypical patterns of vascular and neuronal networks suggest that specific genetic programs tightly control path determination and, consequently, angiogenesis and axon-guidance mechanisms. Our study focuses on one member of the roundabout family of receptors, which traditionally mediate repulsion from the midline. Here, we characterize a fourth member of this family, roundabout4 (robo4), wh...

Vertebrate development requires communication among cells of the embryo in order to define the body axis, and the Wnt-signaling network plays a key role in axis formation as well as in a vast array of other cellular processes. One arm of the Wnt-signaling network, the non-canonical Wnt pathway, mediates intracellular calcium release via activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Regulator of G pr...

Polymeric micelle prepared through the self-assembly of cationic cholesterol-modified gelatin was tested for siRNA delivery. It exerted the desired effect of gene knockdown in HeLa cells stably expressing the luciferase gene and achieved a two-fold increase in the knockdown ability when compared to Lipofectamine® 2000. It was found that the polymeric micelle exhibited excellent stability and in...

RNA interference has become a ubiquitous biological tool, and is being harnessed for therapeutic purposes as well. Therapeutic posttranscriptional gene silencing takes advantage of the endogenous RNAi pathway through delivery of either chemically synthesized siRNAs, or transgenes expressing hairpin-based inhibitory RNAs (e.g., shRNAs and artificial miRNAs). RNAi has expanded the field of viral ...