This article addresses the issues of pharmaceutical pollution Kura River. Existing published information on world’s rivers and in Georgia was analyzed. Based laboratory studies water samples within city Tbilisi, which were carried out to identify psychostimulating analeptic drugs, antibiotics macrolide group, nicotine, analgesic–antipyretics, places with highest levels identified. analysis dyna...

The North-Eastern Caucasus, which includes the territories of modern Chechen Republic and Dagestan, is one oldest centers manufacturing economy in Old World. development productive forces production relations over several millennia, expressed vivid monuments material culture, starting from Kura-Araxes Eneolithic inevitably led to socio-political evolution society, emergence early forms statehoo...

As a result of specific adaptations and habitat preferences strongly rheophilic fish species may show high levels of endemism. Many temperate rheophilic fish species were subjected to a series of range contractions during the Pleistocene, and then successfully expanded during the Holocene, colonising previously abandoned areas. The Carpathian barbel (Barbus carpathicus Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Rá...

One of the most intriguing defence strategies which aquatic organisms developed through evolution is multixenobiotic resistance (MXR). The key mediators of MXR activity are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins. They provide resistance of aquatic organisms by binding xenobiotics and extruding them from cells in an energy-dependent manner. Since Cyprinid fish species are common target in...