Bovine viral diarrhea disease is one of the viral diseases in cattle that were reported 10-90 percent in many countries. The causative RNA virus is a member of the family Flaviviridae and the genus pestivirus which is antigenically closely related with the virus of BD in sheep. Cattle are the most sensitive species to virus and are considered the principal reservoir of BVD viruses. A large prop...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the possible influence of demographic and histological risk factors on the survival of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer. OBJECTIVES Based on the available registry and follow-up information, this study compares 1-5 year survival rate of gastric and esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Through a concurrent (prospective) cohort study, all 366 pat...

BACKGROUND Relative to the amount of global attention and media coverage since the first and second Gulf Wars, very little has been published in the health services research literature regarding the state of health services in Iraq, and particularly on the semi-autonomous region of Kurdistan. Building on findings from a field visit, this paper describes the state of health services in Kurdistan...

Losing hair can create emotions ranging from anger to depression. Some children feel very selfconscious going out in public, and others are concerned that their appearance will affect their relationship with classmates and even loved ones. In one study the children with alopecia were anxious, depressed, withdrawn, aggressive, or delinquent. Girls were more affected than boys[2]. In another stud...

Background: Considering the renewed emphasis on women's health, attention to the new aspects of their health, such as equity, among different groups is warranted. The aim of this study was to investigate the economic inequalities among women with osteoporosis-related bone fractures (ORBFs) in Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, convenient sampling was employed to recruit 220...

Rhynchosporium commune (formerly known as Rhynchosporium secalis), the causal agent of scald disease on barley, is known to spread asexually by splash dispersed conidia. However, there are multiple lines of evidence for the possibility of a clandestine sexual cycle occurrence in this species including extensive genotypic diversity, equal distribution of mating type alleles across the world and ...

background: to reduce traffic injuries in the country, health professionals should have accurate estimates of road traffic deaths. multiple and sometimes inconsistent statistics presented by organizations in charge create high degree of uncertainty for planners and decision makers. to achieve an accurate estimate, several methods are available. of them, capture-recapture method seems to be an a...

Exposure to inorganic arsenic mainly occurs via drinking water, however because of potential changing of water sources during time, there is not consensus over the best route for assessment of past exposures to arsenic. At present study, we compared three potential sources of data in this regard. Thirty nine human hair samples were taken from persons residing in three villages of Bijar city in ...

AIM The present study aimed to investigate the influence of histological factors on survival of patients with esophageal cancer. BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is almost the common form of malignancy in the eastern world. PATIENTS AND METHODS Through a retrospective cohort study a consecutive series of 134 patients with definite diagnosis of esophageal cancer who had been hospitalized at the ...