Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and metabolic changes. Objectives: We wished to determine how the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib influences vascular pathophysiology metabolites of arginine methionine-homocysteine pathways. Methods: Thirty RA patients active disease were treated either 5 mg bid or 10 evaluated at baselin...

In enterocytes, glutamine serves as the major source of energy; another metabolic fate of glutamine is conversion to citrulline. Because sepsis can affect gut function and integrity, alterations in glutamine metabolism may exist and lead to decreased citrulline production. This study aimed to investigate how sepsis affects glutamine metabolism, including its conversion to citrulline, by measuri...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Amino acid (AA) availability is critical to maintain protein homeostasis and reduced protein intake causes a decline in protein synthesis. Citrulline, an amino acid metabolite, has been reported to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in malnourished rats. METHODS To determine whether citrulline stimulates muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults while on a low-protein diet,...

pmmSe. The conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) leads to nitric oxide formation. Two major NOS isoforms exist, a &*-dependent NOS (cNOS) and a &“-independent NOS (iNOS). The cNOS is constitutive of many cells while the iNOS is not expressed in normal conditions but only induced after the stimulation by different factors (endotoxins, cytokines, etc...). This ...

pmmSe. The conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) leads to nitric oxide formation. Two major NOS isoforms exist, a &*-dependent NOS (cNOS) and a &“-independent NOS (iNOS). The cNOS is constitutive of many cells while the iNOS is not expressed in normal conditions but only induced after the stimulation by different factors (endotoxins, cytokines, etc...). This ...

pmmSe. The conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) leads to nitric oxide formation. Two major NOS isoforms exist, a &*-dependent NOS (cNOS) and a &“-independent NOS (iNOS). The cNOS is constitutive of many cells while the iNOS is not expressed in normal conditions but only induced after the stimulation by different factors (endotoxins, cytokines, etc...). This ...

GLUTAMINE AND ARGININE are two amino acids that have received inexhaustible attention by different research groups all over the world over the past decades. This attention is justified by their potential to enhance recovery of surgical and critically ill patients. The beneficial potential of glutamine and arginine is furthermore supported by numerous trials and an ongoing meta-analysis in surgi...

Dundas, Ian E. D. (University of Illinois, Urbana), and H. Orin Halvorson. Arginine metabolism in Halobacterium salinarium, an obligately halophilic bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 91:113-119. 1966.-Arginine was shown to be essential for growth of Halobacterium salinarium strain 1 in a chemically defined medium. Citrulline was the only compound which could substitute for arginine without affecting gro...

Boelens, Petra G., Paul A. M. van Leeuwen, Cornelis H. C. Dejong, and Nicolaas E. P. Deutz. Intestinal renal metabolism of L-citrulline and L-arginine following enteral or parenteral infusion of L-alanyl-L-[2,N]glutamine or L-[2,N]glutamine in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 289: G679–G685, 2005. First published July 28, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2005.—Previously, we observed ...

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS I) is a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding enzyme that generates nitric oxide (NO*) and L-citrulline from the oxidation of L-arginine, and superoxide (O(2)*(-)) from the one-electron reduction of oxygen (O(2)). Nitric oxide in particular has been implicated in many physiological processes, including vasodilator tone, hypertension, and the development and properties of...