1. We estimated uptake of stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through a wholestream addition of a C-DOC tracer coupled with laboratory measurements of bioavailability of the tracer and stream water DOC. 2. The tracer, a leachate of C-labelled tree tissues, was added to the head waters of White Clay Creek, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., over a 2-h period and followed 1.27 km downstream to generat...

Pertussis-like toxins are secreted by several bacterial pathogens during infection. They belong to the AB5 virulence factors, which bind to glycans on host cell membranes for internalization. Host cell recognition and internalization are mediated by toxin B subunits sharing a unique pentameric ring-like assembly. While the role of pertussis toxin in whooping cough is well established, pertussis...