• Most of the urban poor in developing countries spend their lives in insecure, poorly paid jobs • They participate in economic growth, and adjust to economic change, through urban labour markets • Pro-poor urbanisation requires labour intensive growth, supported by labour protection, flexible land use regulation and investments in basic services U rbanisation is taking place on a massive scale...

Labour pain is one of the most sever pains in the life of women. It is multifactorial and affected by both psychological, many biochemical and physiological factors. Many methods are used to manage labour pain which are divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Inhaled analgesia, as part of the pharmacological methods, involves the inhalation of smaller dose of the inhaled a...

Plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels in peripheral blood have been studied before and during premature labour of unknown aetiology. Hormones were measured by radio-immunoassay using specific antisera. Levels in patients who delivered prematurely were compared with levels measured serially in 33 primigravidae during normal pregnancy and labour.In 19 out of 25 patients admitted in progressiv...

The Unexpected Appearance of a New German Model Most Continental European labour markets and welfare states underwent a substantial transformation over the last two decades moving from a situation of low employment and limited labour market inequality to higher employment, but also more inequality. Germany is a case in point as it exhibits growing employment figures and growing shares of low pa...

IntrOductIOn Induction of labour is defined as stimulation of uterine contractions before they occur spontaneously and its prevalence has increased in the United States from 9.5% of births in 1990 to 22.1% of births in 2004 [1]. Although induction of labour has recently been on the rise for purposes of convenience or to accommodate busy schedules, the main reasons include prolonged pregnancies ...

OBJECTIVE To assess knowledge about the partograph and its utilization among maternity care providers in primary health care in southwestern Nigeria. METHOD Two hundred and seventy-five maternity care providers comprising of 64 CHEWS (23.3%), 74 Auxiliary midwives (26.9%), 123 Nurses/midwives (44.7%) and 14 medical doctors (5.1%) were interviewed in primary health centres and private hospital...

This paper investigates the degree of the labour market competition between White and ethnic minority labour using four waves of the British Quarterly Labour Force Survey (1997). The extent of the labour market competition is examined in terms of wage elasticities and elasticities of complementarity using translog production technology. The estimations suggest that ethnic minority labour is com...

BACKGROUND To examine labour market participation and long-term sick leave following a diagnosis with myasthenia gravis (MG) compared with the general Danish population and for specific subgroups of MG patients. METHODS A nationwide matched cohort study from 1997 to 2011 using data from population-based medical and social registries. The study includes 330 MG patients aged 18 to 65 years old ...

The labour market is a very important source that offers explanation for earnings and income inequality. The structure of the labour market has a significant consequence on employment status and it serves as an important determinant of household income and welfare. Like most labour markets in developing countries, the Nigerian labour market represents one of the major sources of risk through wh...

The Consequences of Cumulative Discrimination: How Special Schooling Influences Employment and Wages of Roma in the Czech Republic Unequal labour market outcomes between Roma and non-Roma have typically been explained by either the low level of educational attainment on the one hand or labour marked discrimination on the other – or both. A number of studies have found that significant labour ma...