introduction: clinical education is an integral part of physiotherapy education and has a special status. during this course, the students gradually acquire experience and prepare their minds to solve patient’s problems. like all programs, clinical education has formed by processes and elements on which some external factors are effective. this study has focused on the internal elements and ext...

abstract urban management forms (model) are a key and important factor on characteristics of urban governance. study of literature and other country’s experience suggest application of various form of urban management and government that each have own specification, legal and administrative characteristics. in iran, in spite of 100 years record in establishing municipalities, there is not any l...

Background: In providing optimum medical and health services, great pressure is put on the physical and mental health of family physicians. Job burnout is damaging to the health of family physicians and medical treatment personnel. It leads to reduced job productivity, increased absenteeism, increased healthcare costs, elevated turnover rates, a reduced level of service provide...

Access control has traditionally assumed a single, monolithic authorization policy, generally expressed as an access matrix. We argue that this assumption does not fit ecommerce applications, which are governed by a potentially large set of independently stated, evolving contracts. In order to support this growing class of applications we propose an enforcement mechanism which uses certified-co...

Background: The aims of the research that formed the basis of the current study are as follows: Determining methods that are used by teachers for giving feedback in clinical settings. Determining types of feedback, teachers give to their students in clinical settings. Determining barriers of giving feedback and its important teachers’ experience in clinical settings. Methods: This applied res...

abstract background: natural delivery is the most painful event that women experience in their lifetime. that is why labor pain relief has long been as one of the most important issues in the field of midwifery. thus, the present study aims to explore the perception of primiparous mothers on comfortable resources for labor pain. materials and methods: in the present study, qualitative content a...

conclusions for laterally localized and protruded duodenal diverticula, laparoscopic resection is a feasible and safe method. the role of laparoscopy in surgical treatment of complicated diverticula, located in other parts of the duodenum, is unclear because of lack of experience. case presentation in this article, we present a case report of a large duodenal diverticulum, treated with laparosc...

sometimes, disharmony among the three powers of sovereignty emerges as an important crisis in political system and reduces its efficiency. in this article, analyzing the disharmony crisis, a theoretical description regarding the main indicators of this crisis has been offered. in the framework of the above mentioned theoretical description the main indicators of the disharmony crisis are 1) the...