Optimal resource allocation in security has been a significant challenge for critical infrastructure protection. Numerous studies use game theory as the method of choice, because of the fact that an attacker can often observe the defender’s investment in security and adapt his choice of strategies accordingly. However, most of these models do not explicitly consider deterrence, with the result ...

We analyze information security investment decisions by two firms that possess imperfectly substitutable information assets. Information assets are imperfectly substitutable if information at each firm is valuable and becomes more valuable when combined. When compared to optimal investment decisions made by a central planner, we find diametrically opposite results in the case where these decisi...

We report on a set of 40 semi-structured interviews with information security executives and managers at a variety of firms and government agencies. The purpose of the interviews was to learn more about how organizations make cybersecurity investment decisions: how much support they receive to execute their mission, how they prioritize which threats to defend against, and how they choose betwee...

Security investment problems are mostly highly-nonlinear and have huge operations, hence quantitative investment is applied to make decisions frequently. Considering the example of Medicine plate in Chinese stocks, fundamental indicators and technical indicators are combined, and then investment decisions are made and optimized stepwise based on rough set model, where generical gorithm is appli...

This paper analyzes the management of investment portfolios by social security institutes in eight Latin American countries, the Bahamas, Barbados, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, and Peru. In general, pension reserves have not been invested in instruments with the highest economic returns. Capital markets are poorly developed, inflation has had a pervasive negative effect on the v...

At this point, it is nearly impossible to escape discussion of the aging of the baby boom and its implications for Social Security. No set of reasonable demographic and economic assumptions yields a forecast of long-term solvency for the program as it exists today (Board of Trustees 1997; Congressional Budget Office (CBO) 1997). Some reform is necessary. The open questions are which reforms and...