methods and materials: hepatitis b virus dna was detected by conventional pcr in some of the serum samples obtained from hbsag-positive chronic hepatitis b (chb) patients who were referred to health centers of shahrekord for routine monitoring of the disease. subsequently, using real-time pcr, the dna samples were used for genotyping and analysis of resistance to lamivudine. results: the dna wa...

The theoretical description of the adsorption proteins at liquid/fluid interfaces suffers from inapplicability classical formalisms, which soundly calls for development more complicated models. A Frumkin-type thermodynamic 2-d solution model that accounts nonidealities interface enthalpy and entropy was proposed about two decades ago has been continuously developed in course comparisons with ex...

Ligands usually bind to proteins by displacing water from the binding site. The affinity and kinetics of binding therefore depend on the hydration characteristics of the site. Here, we show that the extreme case of a completely dehydrated free binding site is realized for the large nonpolar binding cavity in bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Because spatially delocalized water molecules may escape det...

A wide variety of crystallization solutions are screened to establish conditions that promote the growth of a diffraction-quality crystal. Screening these conditions requires the assessment of many crystallization plates for the presence of crystals. Automated systems for screening and imaging are very expensive. A simple approach to imaging trace fluorescently labeled protein crystals in cryst...

Allergies to cow’s milk are very common and can present as life-threatening anaphylaxis. Consequently, food labeling legislation mandates that foods containing milk residues, including casein and/or b-lactoglobulin, provide an indication of such on the product label. Because contamination with either component independent of the other can occur during food manufacturing, effective allergen mana...

background and aims: rubella virus is a human pathogen that causes congenital rubella syndrome (crs) when infection occurs during early pregnancy. vaccination programs have been remarkably successful in controlling natural rubella infection and crs. moreover, ongoing surveillance for all cases of rubella and crs is a vital component of a prevention program. although the who recommends the use o...

abstract snp typing is now a well-established genotyping system in bacillus anthracis studies. in the original standard method of van erth, snps at 13 loci of the b. anthracis genome were analyzed. in order to simplify and make appropriate this expensive method to low-budget laboratory settings, 13 primer pairs targeting the 13 corresponding snps were designed. besides, a universal pcr protocol...

1320 blood samples were collected from herds showing clinical signs of pestiviral infections. 39 samples were positive in ag-elisa assay. all these 39 samples in addition to 5 cytopathic strains were cultured in md-bk cell line and presence of pestiviral antigens was confirmed by direct-immunofluorescent test. 27 out of 44 bvdv suspected isolates were detected by rt-pcr using a primer set. diff...

background and aims: hepatitis b virus (hbv) infects the liver and causes acute and chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. hbv has been divided to eight genotypes (a–h) and subgenotypes of a, b, c and f. for the first time, we determined hbv genotypes in infected samples by inno-lipa method in yazd, central province of iran. materials and methods: this study was performed on...