In a call-by-value language, representing objects as recursive records requires using an unsafe xpoint. We design, for a core language including extensible records, a type system which rules out unsafe recursion and still supports the reconstruction of a principal type. We illustrate the expressive power of this language with respect to object-oriented programming by introducing a sub-language ...

We present an initial version of Regular Boardgames general game description language. This stands as an extension of Simplified Boardgames language. Our language is designed to be able to express the rules of a majority of popular boardgames including the complex rules such as promotions, castling, en passant, jump captures, liberty captures, and obligatory moves. The language describes all th...

humanizing language learning materials helps language teachers to design activities that are linked to learn- ers’ lives and experiences. this can result in higher motivation and engagement in the process of foreign language learning. self-determination theory-based instruction enhances learners’ engagement and motiva- tion through supporting the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competen...

We validated various novel and recently proposed methods for statistical machine translation on 10 language pairs, using large data resources. We saw gains from optimizing parameters, training with sparse features, the operation sequence model, and domain adaptation techniques. We also report on utilizing a huge language model trained on 126 billion tokens. The annual machine translation evalua...

Even though extensible programming languages have been around for decades, they hav e not received much attention so far. To obtain a more attractive solution, where extending the language is almost as easy as writing normal programs, extensibility should not be provided as a separate add-on, but rather as the very heart of the language. Furthermore, syntactic flexibility should not only allow ...

We advocate the use of the Maude term rewriting language and its supporting tools for prototyping, model-checking, and testing agent programming languages and agent programs. One of the main advantages of Maude is that it provides a single framework in which the use of a wide range of formal methods is facilitated. We use the agent programming language BUpL (Belief Update programming Language) ...

This paper describes a new system combination strategy in Statistical Machine Translation. Tromble et al. (2008) introduced the evidence space into Minimum Bayes Risk decoding in order to quantify the relative performance within lattice or n-best output with regard to the 1best output. In contrast, our approach is to enlarge the hypothesis space in order to incorporate the combinatorial nature ...

We describe the Manawi1 (mAnEv) system submitted to the 2014 WMT translation shared task. We participated in the English-Hindi (EN-HI) and Hindi-English (HI-EN) language pair and achieved 0.792 for the Translation Error Rate (TER) score2 for EN-HI, the lowest among the competing systems. Our main innovations are (i) the usage of outputs from NLP tools, viz. billingual multi-word expression extr...