We develop a model of phonological contrast in natural language. Specifically, the model describes the maintenance of contrast between different words in a language, and the elimination of such contrast when sounds in the words merge. An example of such a contrast is that provided by the two vowel sounds i and e, which distinguish pairs of words such as pin and pen in most dialects of English. ...

Signal processing in current days is under studying. One of these studies focuses on speech processing. Speech signal have many important features. One of them is Voice Onset Time (VOT). This feature only appears in stop sounds. The human auditory system can utilize the VOT to differentiate between voiced and unvoiced stops like /p/ and /b/ in the English language. By VOT feature we can classif...

By the end of their first year of life, infants have become experts in discriminating the sounds of their native language, while they have lost the ability to discriminate non-native contrasts. This type of phonetic learning is referred to as perceptual attunement. In the present study, we investigated the emergence of a context-dependent form of perceptual attunement in infancy. Indeed, some n...

Most of researches have reported the significance English phonemic awareness to success learning English, but less discussions involving students with visual disabilities. Students disabilities lacks input and form a strong sensitivity audio input, that this condition affect their spelling ability, yet, ability in recognizing phonemes has been explored especially Indonesia. Thus, research aims ...

I think it is important to keep in mind that the term "computational linguistics" is not parallel in content with many other terms in linguistics, such as "anthropological linguistics" or "psycholinguistics", or "phonology" or "pragmatics". These terms all refer to content aspects of language; these are, respectively, the role of language in various cultures, the relations between language and ...

In naturalistic settings emotional events have multiple correlates and are simultaneously perceived by several sensory systems. Recent studies have shown that recognition of facial expressions is biased towards the emotion expressed by a simultaneously presented emotional expression in the voice even if attention is directed to the face only. So far, no study examined whether this phenomenon al...

In this paper, phoneme sequences are used as language information to perform code-switched identification (LID). With the one-pass recognition system, spoken sounds converted into phonetically arranged of sounds. The acoustic models robust enough handle multiple languages when emulating hidden Markov (HMMs). To determine similarity among our target languages, we reported two methods mapping. St...

Language is one of the most important elements communication for people and all living things. A large number studies have been conducted in literature on formation languages natural language processing processes. It has observed that these contain differences terms analysis, approach method. In study, a model proposed machines to create their own as contribution literature. With this point vie...

In this work we propose a methodology for language acquisition in humanoid robots that mimics that in children. Language acquisition is a complex process that involves mastering several different tasks, such as producing speech sounds, learning how to group different sounds into a consistent and manageable number of classes or speech units, grounding speech, and recognizing the speech sounds wh...

Fundamental to infants' acquisition of their native language is an inherent interest in the language spoken around them over non-linguistic environmental sounds. The following studies explored whether the bias for linguistic signals in hearing infants is specific to speech, or reflects a general bias for all human language, spoken and signed. Results indicate that 6-month-old infants prefer an ...