Let Y = Z× (Z/LZ), where L > 1 is an integer, G = {−e1, e1,−e2, e2} where ej are coordinate vectors. We denote the coordinates of points y ∈ Y by (x(y), s(y)). Consider a cookie environment on Y, that is, for each y ∈ Y, j ∈ N, there is a probability distribution ω(y, j, e) on G. Consider an excited random walk Yn = (Xn, Sn) that is P(Yn+1 − Yn = e|Y1, . . . , Yn) = ω(Yn, ln, e) where ln is the...

We investigated the acute and long-term effects of low-intensity resistance exercise (knee extension) with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular size and strength. This type of exercise was expected to enhance the intramuscular hypoxic environment that might be a factor for muscular hypertrophy. Twenty-four healthy young men without experience of regular exercise training were as...

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For many years, the most prominent approach to Principle B effects in English has been the two-layered approach initiated by Reinhart (1983). Recently, however, serious doubt has been shed on the empirical claims that support this approach. This paper proposes an alternative account. Principle B effects in English are argued to be manifestations of a conventionalized division of labor: marked p...

Plant defense responses are initiated by ligand-receptor recognition. The receptor may contain a motif for endocytosis and endocytosis is important for defense signaling in some cases. Recently, endosomal trafficking during defense has begun to be elucidated. In some cases, defense receptors are internalized into early endosomes, recycled back to the plasma membrane (PM) on recycling endosomes,...

A robust two-stage shape retrieval (TSR) method is proposed to address the 2D shape retrieval problem. Most state-of-the-art shape retrieval methods are based on local features matching and ranking. Their retrieval performance is not robust since they may retrieve globally dissimilar shapes in high ranks. To overcome this challenge, we decompose the decision process into two stages. In the firs...

In [10], for continuous functions f from the domain of certain discrete operators Ln the inequalities are proved concerning the modulus of continuity of Lnf . Here we present analogues of the results obtained for the Durrmeyer-type modification ̃ Ln of Ln. Moreover, we give the estimates of the rate of convergence of ̃ Lnf in Hölder-type norms

Code reuse is a fundamental aspect of object-oriented programs, and in particular, the mechanisms of inheritance and late binding provide great flexibility in code reuse, without semantical limitations other than typecorrectness. However, modular reasoning about late binding and inheritance is challenging, and formal reasoning approaches place semantical restrictions on code reuse in order to p...

Late preterm infants comprise the fastest growing segment of babies born prematurely. They arrive with disadvantages relative to feeding skills, stamina, and risk for conditions such as hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and slow weight gain. Breastfeeding these babies can be difficult and frustrating. Individualized feeding plans include special considerations to compensate for immature feeding...

The wide popularity of Android systems has been accompanied by increase in the number of malware targeting these systems. This is largely due to the open nature of the Android framework that facilitates the incorporation of third-party applications running on top of any Android device. Inter-process communication is one of the most notable features of the Android framework as it allows the reus...