The three rotations and three translations that comprise total knee motion were simultaneously measured in cadaveric knees during the commonly employed clinical tests for anterior cruciate injury. A second study determined the three-dimensional motions that occurred when known forces and moments were applied. A total of eight whole lower limbs were studied. A 6 degree-of-freedom instrumented li...

Using numerical simulations, we study the separation of deformable bodies, such as capsules, vesicles, and cells, in deterministic lateral displacement devices, also known as bump arrays. These arrays comprise regular rows of obstacles such as micropillars whose arrangements are shifted between adjacent rows by a fixed amount. We show that, in addition to the zigzag and laterally displaced traj...

The ability to use microfluidic systems to fractionate a mixture of suspended particles based on their shape could lead to important applications. In the case of bioparticles, for example, shape is an important factor used to identify and characterize them. In fact, cell morphology has long been used in clinical diagnosis and it is also a marker of cell cycle (Sugaya et al. 2011; Beech et al. 2...

We analyze the trajectory of suspended spherical particles moving through a square array of obstacles, in the deterministic limit and at zero Reynolds number. We show that in the dilute approximation of widely separated obstacles, the average motion of the particles is equivalent to the trajectory followed by a point particle moving through an array of obstacles with an effective radius. The ef...

We present the use of a simple microfluidic technique to separate living parasites from human blood. Parasitic trypanosomatids cause a range of human and animal diseases. African trypanosomes, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), live free in the blood and other tissue fluids. Diagnosis relies on detection and due to their often low numbers against an overwhelming ...

Lateral displacement of the mandible was induced experimentally in five adult male Rhesus monkeys. Following from 2 1/2 weeks to 19 months, the animals were sacrificed and examined histologically. Two of the monkeys received H3 proline 4 months prior to sacrifice and radioautographs were prepared. The lateral displacement apparently caused great discomfort because the monkeys refused to eat and...

The elastic deflection of a comb drive tooth in an electrostatic field is considered. The tooth can be symmetrically located between two rigid teeth of the matching comb, in which case the problem reduces to a pure bifurcation problem for which the critical voltage can be determined. Alternatively, due to an approximate straight-line mechanism, the tooth can have a uniform initial lateral displ...

BACKGROUND Three-dimensional dynamics of the 3 individual scallops within the posterior mitral leaflet during acute ischemic mitral regurgitations have not been previously measured. METHODS Radiopaque markers were sutured to the mitral annulus, papillary muscle tips, and leaflet edges in 13 sheep. Immediately postoperatively, under open-chest conditions, 3-D marker coordinates were obtained u...

Ultrasound elastography is the method of obtaining relative stiffness information of biological tissue, which plays an important role in early diagnosis. Generally, a gradient-based strain imaging algorithm assumes that motion only occurs in an axial direction. However, because tissue has different relative stiffness, the scatter presents lateral motion under high freehand compression. Therefor...