OBJECTIVES Injury to the lateral ligament complex of the ankle is one of the most common sports-related injury. Usually lateral ankle evolves with excellent clinical recovery with non surgical treatment, however, near about 30% develop a lateral chronic instability sequela. Several open and arthroscopic surgical techniques have been described to treat this medical condition. MATERIAL AND METH...

PURPOSE To report outcomes in 6 patients with the terrible triad of the elbow treated with our modified protocol. METHODS 6 men aged 26 to 54 years underwent surgery for the terrible triad of the elbow by a single surgeon. All the patients had a displaced comminuted fracture of the radius, posterior dislocation of the elbow, and Morrey type-I fracture of the coronoid. They all underwent repla...

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing lateral ankle ligament injuries and the effect of differences in time duration from injury to MRI. Methods Data were collected prospectively from 82 patients who underwent MRI and lateral ligament reconstruction, and were divided into either acute (≤3 months) or chronic (>3 months) group base...

Meralgia paresthetica refers to the entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at the level of the inguinal ligament. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve - a purely sensory nerve - arises from the L2 and L3 spinal nerve roots, travels downward lateral to the psoas muscle, and then crosses the iliacus muscle. Close to the anterior superior iliac spine, the nerve courses in contact with th...

Sesamoid ossicles are ovoid or round nodular small bones found usually within a joint or tendon of the upper and lower limb and rarely at other regions. They are usually asymptomatic, resulting in an increased propensity to injuries. We report on two cases where sesamoid ossicles were detected within the nuchal ligament. The first one was a 55-years-old Caucasian male office employee, complaini...

BACKGROUND Recent new anatomical and histological features of craniocervical junction in dogs and cats were described providing evidence of differences between the carnivore species. No information on these structures in foxes exists. RESULTS Two parts of the alar ligaments were found. A longer one aroused from dens of axis to the internal (medial) surface of the occipital condyles and was ca...

BACKGROUND Ligament restraints to terminal knee extension are poorly understood. HYPOTHESES (1) As with other motions of the knee, genu recurvatum is limited primarily by a named, identifiable structure. (2) As the largest static structure of the posterior knee, the oblique popliteal ligament is uniquely suited to act as a checkrein to knee hyperextension. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laborator...

We report for the first time the abnormal increases in posterior subluxation of the medial and lateral tibial plateaus after sectioning the posterolateral structures and posterior cruciate ligament. We applied specific forces and moments to the knees of seven cadaveric whole lower limbs and measured the position of the tibia at which the ligaments and the geometry of the joint limited motion. R...

PURPOSE To evaluate meniscofibular ligament (MFibL) at the posterolateral corner of the knee joint on the magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) with 70° knee flexion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MRA of the knee joint was performed at 70° knee flexion. Eighteen patients (19 knee joints) underwent scanning of sagittal, coronal, and axial fat-suppressed T1 weighted images (T1FS), and coronal fat-s...

Nineteen patients with roof impingement of an anterior cruciate ligament graft had their grafts inspected during second-look arthroscopy. The diagnosis of roof impingement was suspected from the clinical findings of an effusion, extension deficit, recurrent instability, or anterior knee pain. The diagnosis was confirmed when a portion of the tibial tunnel was anterior to the tibial intersection...