Since 2003, 27 independent look angles have been acquired by ENVISAT’s Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument over the island of Hawai`i, allowing for the formation of thousands of interferograms showing deformation of the ground surface. On Kīlauea volcano, a transition from minor to broad-scale summit inflation was observed by interferograms that span 2003 to 2006. In addition, r...

[1] In 1999, a swarm of earthquakes and a lava flow signaled a volcanic eruption at the eastern end of Gakkel Ridge, the slowest spreading ridge worldwide. In summer 2001, the multidisciplinary Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition studied these ridge processes which are unusual at ultraslow spreading rates. As part of these studies, we examined the microearthquake activity of the ridge with seismo...

[1] We have used new compositional information on Martian basaltic rocks from the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and data from new stereo imaging by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on the Mars Express orbiter to constrain an existing analyticalnumerical computer model to assess the potential of Martian lavas to form lava channels by erosion of substrate. The basaltic rocks studied in Gu...

A major knowledge gap exists on how eruptive compositions of a single martian volcanic province change over time. Here we seek to fill that gap by assessing the compositional evolution of Elysium, a major martian volcanic province. A unique geochemical signature overlaps with the southeastern flows of this volcano, which provides the context for this study of variability of martian magmatism. T...

In order to improve the observation capability in one of the most active volcanic areas in the world, Mt. Etna, we developed a processing method to use the surveillance cameras for a quasi real-time mapping of syn-eruptive processes. Following an evaluation of the current performance of the Etna permanent ground NEtwork of Thermal and Visible Sensors (Etna_NETVIS), its possible implementation a...

Millions of people live either on or in the surrounding areas of about six hundred worldwide volcanoes, which are known to be capable of renewed activity. The individuation of those areas that are more likely to be interested by new events is of fundamental relevance for mitigating possible consequences, both in terms of loss of human lives and material properties. Here we show a new methodolog...

[1] The floor of Isidis Basin is covered by materials of the Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF) that appear to be emplaced essentially as a single unit. Along its western boundary, Isidis Basin is in contact with volcanic flows from Syrtis Major Planum. The contact between the Isidis unit and volcanic flows from Syrtis Major is sharp to gradational and in places is characterized by a high ( 500 ...

We applied fertilizers in a 23 complete factorial design to determine the effects of nutrient amendments on plant growth in Hawaiian montane forests growing on two different volcanic substrates: 'a'a and pahoehoe lava. Both sites were about 140 years old and their overstories were nearly monospecific stands of Metrosiderospolymorpha. Fertilizer applications included N, P, a mixture of essential...

We visited 51 lakes in Costa Rica as part of a broad-based survey to document their physical and chemical characteristics and how these relate to the mode of formation and geographical distribution of the lakes. The four oxbow lakes were low in elevation and tended to be turbid, high in conductivity and CO2, but low in dissolved O2; one of these, L. Gandoca, had a hypolimnion essentially compos...