This study collected information on arrests for child pornography (CP) production at two points (2000-2001 and 2006) from a national sample of more than 2,500 law enforcement agencies. In addition to providing descriptive data about an understudied crime, the authors examined whether trends in arrests suggested increasing CP production, shifts in victim populations, and challenges to law enforc...

Law enforcement officers suffer higher morbidity and mortality rates from all causes than the general population. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for a significant portion of the excess illness, with a reported prevalence as high as 1.7 times that of the general population. To determine which occupational hazards cause this increased risk and morbidity, it is imperative to study law enfor...

Annual forest loss in the Brazilian Amazon had in 2012 declined to less than 5,000 sqkm, from over 27,000 in 2004. Mounting empirical evidence suggests that changes in Brazilian law enforcement strategy and the related governance system may account for a large share of the overall success in curbing deforestation rates. At the same time, Brazil is experimenting with alternative approaches to co...

The effectiveness of any law largely depends on the clarity of legal provisions and the activity of their enforcement institutions. Securities law, which is inherently complex, must be unambiguous to be properly applied. Judges and lawyers dealing with securities litigation need to be trained properly to provide justice for the public. Laws governing initial public offerings in Bangladesh are a...

Twenty years ago, law enforcement organizations lobbied to require data and communication services to engineer their products to guarantee law enforcement access to all data. After lengthy debate and vigorous predictions of enforcement channels “going dark,” these attempts to regulate the emerging Internet were abandoned. In the intervening years, innovation on the Internet flourished, and law ...

LONG-TERM PREPARATIONS Before the hurricanes, the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) had systems for locating missing children in place: a 24-hour hotline, a database of missing children, and connections with law enforcement throughout the United States and the world. The success of NCMEC is well documented; they have a recovery rate of 96% in the long-term cases with whic...

We argue that enforcement costs, ignored in the literature on ‘efficient breach’, are important for the choice of contract breach remedy. Empirically we find that specific performance is almost never claimed in Civil Law countries. It involves forcing a party in breach to perform actions while damages involves extracting only a monetary payment. The former is more difficult and more coercive. W...

AIMS We assessed levels and patterns of alcohol policy enforcement activities among U.S. local law enforcement agencies. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1,631 local law enforcement agencies across the 50 states. MEASURES/METHODS We assessed 29 alcohol policy enforcement activities within each of five enforcement domains-underag...

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between risk of sudden cardiac death and stressful law enforcement duties compared with routine/non-emergency duties. DESIGN Case distribution study (case series with survey information on referent exposures). SETTING United States law enforcement. PARTICIPANTS Summaries of deaths of over 4500 US police officers provided by the National Law Enforcement ...