A generalized configuration is a set of n points and (n 2 ) pseudolines such that each pseudoline passes through exactly two points, two pseudolines intersect exactly once, and no three pseudolines are concurrent. Following the approach of allowable sequences we prove a recursive inequality for the number of (≤ k)-sets for generalized configurations. As a consequence we improve the previously b...

Drops can self-organize in two-dimensional (2D) microchannels to form ordered arrangements. Design of microchannels that result in a particular pattern of drops for a specific purpose is difficult and nonintuitive due to the inherent complexity of the drop dynamics. We address the problem of understanding the arrangement of composite drops inside a microchannel. A multiagent modeling strategy t...

A vast selection of different ozone generator designs is commercially available on today’s market. In large-scale applications, the ground electrode is designed as gas/water tube heat exchanger, which is filled with tubular high-voltage electrodes on the gas processing side. Available constructions differ in diameter, length and arrangement of the tubular electrodes, type and support of the die...

The spatial arrangement of luminance increments (ON) and decrements (OFF) falling on the retina provides a wealth of information used by central visual pathways to construct coherent representations of visual scenes. But how the polarity of luminance change is represented in the activity of cortical circuits remains unclear. Using wide-field epifluorescence and two-photon imaging we demonstrate...

A novel capacitive field-effect sensor for the direct determination of organophosphorus pesticides by the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is presented. The enzyme OPH hydrolyses organophosphorus compounds catalytically, thus releasing Hþ ions. By means of a silicon-based field-effect sensor, which consists of a layer sequence of Al/p-Si/SiO2 with alternative pH-sensitive materials (Ta2O...

Adsorption of 0.5 monolayers (ML) of Sb on the Au(110) surface resulted in the formation of a c(2 · 2) surface reconstruction. Analysis of surface X-ray diffraction data by a direct method revealed the existence of an ordered substitutional surface alloy, with every other hollow site occupied by Au and Sb atoms. Quantitative conventional v refinement showed a contraction of 0.12 ± 0.03 Å in the...

We demonstrate that metal-insulator-metal configurations, with the top metal layer consisting of a periodic arrangement of differently sized nanobricks, can be designed to function as broadband focusing flat mirrors. Using 50-nm-high gold nanobricks arranged in a 240-nm-period lattice on the top of a 50-nm-thick layer of silicon dioxide deposited on a continuous 100-nm-thick gold film, we reali...

This paper presents a new design strategy, which treats relations between classes as objects. This concept has a profound effect on the entire software architecture: Instead of having many active objects that are busy communicating with each other, the architecture is based on active objects which manage less actively sometimes totally passive objects. This arrangement brings system and order i...

We present the atomic structure of Ir nanoparticles with 1.5 nm diameter at half height and three layers average height grown on graphene/Ir(111). Using surface x-ray diffraction, we demonstrate that Ir nanoparticles on graphene/Ir(111) form a crystallographic superlattice with high perfection. The superlattice arrangement allows us to obtain detailed information on the atomic structure of the ...

Density-functional theory calculations reveal that the compensation mechanism at the isolated n-type interface in LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 superlattices involves both ionic and electronic degrees of freedom. Strong polar distortions screen the local electric field and reduce the band discontinuity across the interface. We find that the electronic reconstruction depends sensitively on whether structural o...