In 2008 the National Center for Health Statistics released a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole body dataset from the NHANES population-based sample acquired with modern fan beam scanners in 15 counties across the United States from 1999 through 2004. The NHANES dataset was partitioned by gender and ethnicity and DXA whole body measures of %fat, fat mass/height(2), lean mass/height(2)...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The circulating levels of IL-18 increases in obesity and some metabolic and cardiorespiratory diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between circulating levels of IL-18 and leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protei...

BACKGROUND body mass index is used widely to define overweight and obesity. Both high and low body mass indices are associated with increased mortality risk during middle age, but the relationship is less clear in later life. Thus, studies on the relationships between other aspects of body composition and mortality among older subjects are needed. OBJECTIVE to investigate associations between...

OBJECTIVES To explore the usefulness of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) for general use by identifying best-evidenced formulae to calculate lean and fat mass, comparing these to historical gold standard data and comparing these results with machine-generated output. In addition, we explored how to best to adjust lean and fat estimates for height and how these overlapped with body mass in...

Relationships between sprinting speed, body mass, and vertical jump kinetics were assessed in 243 male soccer athletes ranging from 10-19 years. Participants ran a maximal 36.6 meter sprint; times at 9.1 (10 y) and 36.6 m (40 y) were determined using an electronic timing system. Body mass was measured by means of an electronic scale and body composition using a 3-site skinfold measurement compl...

This study examined the relationships among physical activity, glucocorticoid use, body composition, and bone health in ambulatory women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-nine white women (mean +/- standard deviation: age 45.1 +/- 9.0 yr, Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.9 +/- 1.2) diagnosed with MS were assessed for whole body (WB), proximal femur (PF) and lumbar spine (LS) bone status (b...

Estrogen and body fat content are important predictors of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, but their association with BMD in premenopausal women is less clear. Mounting evidence suggests that dietary fats can have detrimental effects on bone health. In a cross-sectional sample of healthy 30- to 40-y-old women (n = 242), we investigated the predictors of BMD at the hip and spi...

Steroids are nowadays routinely used as a long-term treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Their effects on body composition were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry. The study followed over 2 years 29 genetically confirmed DMD patients: 21 in the steroid-treated group and 8 in the steroid-naïve group. After 2 years of steroid treatment, the lean tissue mass values increased signi...

OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the effects of resistance training combined with increased energy intake or protein-supplementation on lean body-mass, resting metabolic-rate (RMR) and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Twenty-four healthy males (aged 19-32 years) performed resistance exercise for 12 weeks aiming for at least 1 hour training-sessions 3 times a week. The participants were...

BACKGROUND Body composition has been shown to be correlated with physical performance, but data in older persons with diverse chronic diseases are lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed at investigating the associations of body composition to gait speed and nutritional status of older people in different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS Cross-section...