Background The female athlete triad (TRIAD) affects athletic young women involved in physical activities where leanness or endurance is emphasized. Elements of the TRIAD include disordered eating, amenorrhea, and early-onset osteoporosis. Athletic training literature is consistent in the description of the medical professionals included on the TRIAD treatment team, and supports the inclusion of...

The objective is to present the case of a 21-yr-old athlete observed with non-physiological immediate postprandial insulin response (1162 pmol/l; normal glucose excursion: 6.6 mmol/l), in a warm environment. No suspicion or evidence of any underlying pathology was found in this well-trained Afro-Caribbean male runner. He never reported any hypoglycemic episode. When performing the same protocol...

The focus on improving construction performance has been narrow in many nations using partnering, leanness and supply chain management. This paper asks three practical construction related questions concerning reinventing the wheel across projects, blame culture and continuity of service. In addressing these practical issues, three theories are engaged: organisational learning, emotional intell...

Despite the increased amount of attention to developing lean and green supply chains, there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks and a shortage of information on how to integrate environmental initiatives and lean techniques into supply chain functions. This has mainly occurred as a result of four challenges: conceptual, technical, operational, and measurement. To face these challenges, a prac...

The current study reports the development and psychometrics of a figure rating scale with leanness and muscularity dimensions and a 13-item questionnaire assessing symptoms associated with muscle dysmorphia (MD). Three separate samples of men and women completed the muscle dysmorphic disorder inventory (MDDI), the bodybuilder image grid (BIG) or both to measure 1-week test-retest reliability, i...

EDI (electronic data interchange) messages are notoriously lean and difficult (or impossible) to interpret without additional information. While recognizing and sympathizing with the many criticisms that have been made of the design of EDI protocols, we argue in this paper that there is something basically correct, even inevitable, in the noted leanness of EDI messages. By way of making this ca...

For .20 years, researchers have reported that American blacks tend to have lower triglyceride and higher HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared with whites at a similar level of corpulence.1,2 Early studies focused on potential environmental explanations and concluded that differences in exercise, alcohol intake, leanness, and undernutrition did not readily account for the higher HDL-C levels....

The characteristic leanness of vegans and adherents to "Mediterranean" diet patterns may reflect the fact that the high saturate-to-unsaturate ratio of Western omnivore diets tends to impair muscle insulin sensitivity, leading to a compensatory up-regulation of insulin secretion. Since insulin signals adipocytes to take up and retain fatty acids, a high dietary saturate-to-unsaturate ratio woul...