We survey the recent distributed computing literature on checking whether a given distributed system configuration satisfies a given boolean predicate, i.e., whether the configuration is legal or illegal w.r.t. that predicate. We consider classical distributed computing environments, including mostly synchronous fault-free network computing (LOCAL and CONGEST models), but also asynchronous cras...

*Dita Vogel collaborated as co-author on chapters 2 and 3 and also provided individual contributions to and comments on the entire text. The AKI Research Review on " Migration and Illegality in Germany " records and evaluates the current status of knowledge on this topic. The general aim of the AKI research reviews is to organize and evaluate the information available on a selected topic, to di...

Aid workers have no doubts about the impact of armed conflict on the death and suffering of mothers and children. To prove that trading in arms makes a major contribution to poor health is challenging, because it coexists in poor countries with massive debt, corrupt bureaucracies, and natural disasters. We report on the devastating effects of legal and illegal weapons exported into poor countri...

We present a constraint programming solution to the problem of generating round-robin schedules for sailing match races. Our schedules satisfy the criteria published by the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) governing body for match race pairing lists. We show that some published ISAF schedules are in fact illegal, and present corresponding legal instances and schedules that have not previ...

Bank supervision and monetary policy are strategic concepts in the economy of countries. Development of electronic communications, especially in online and international spheres, has largely threatened financial services in view of security and illegal access to banking networks. Anonymity and identity theft has endangered electronic commerce by crimes like phishing, fraud and different types...

As online marketing and advertising keep growing on the Internet, a large amount of advertisements are presented to consumers. How consumers, advertisers and the authorities identify false and overstated advertisements becomes a critical issue. In this paper, we address this problem, and propose various classification models to detect illegal advertisements. Illegal advertisement lists announce...

This paper analyzes the causes of illegal copying and its effects in the software market across 66 countries. By studying the aggregated and joint effects of different variables, the analysis shows that supply constraints in the software market, shortage of after-sale support, and characteristics legal framework are major drivers of illegal copying when controlling for income per capita. It als...

In current society, the fight against drug abuse is an important social challenge given its harmful effects on health and quality of life, globally. Numerous studies show that university life fosters use among students. This research explores perceptions legal illegal undergraduate students at University Seville (Spain). The design quantitative: a specific questionnaire was administered to samp...