Abstract In this essay I identify a type of linguistic phenomenon new to feminist philosophy language: biased evaluative descriptions. Biased descriptions are whose well-intended positive surface meanings inflected with implicitly content. characterized by three main features: (1) they have roots in implicit bias or benevolent sexism, (2) their application is counterfactually unstable across do...

This paper introduces a general matroid-theoretic construction which includes, as special cases, elementary lifts of matroids and bias matroids of biased graphs. To perform the construction on a matroid A/ , it is necessary (but not sufficient) to have a submodular function inducing M . Elementary lifts are obtained when the submodular function chosen is the rank function of M . We define what ...

We study the issue of polarization in society through a model of opinion formation. We say an opinion formation process is polarizing if it results in increased divergence of opinions. Empirical studies have shown that homophily, i.e., greater interaction between like-minded individuals, results in polarization. However, we show that DeGroot’s well-known model of opinion formation based on repe...

We present measurements of the spatial clustering of ultraluminous infrared galaxies in two redshift intervals, 1.5 < z < 2.0 and 2 < z < 3. Both samples cluster strongly, with r0 = 14.40± 1.99h Mpc for the 2 < z < 3 sample, and r0 = 9.40 ± 2.24h Mpc for the 1.5 < z < 2.0 sample, making them among the most biased galaxies at these epochs. These clustering amplitudes are consistent with both pop...

Most trainable machine translation (MT) metrics train their weights on human judgments of state-of-the-art MT systems outputs. This makes trainable metrics biases in many ways. One of them is preferring longer translations. These biased metrics when used for tuning are evaluating different types of translations – n-best lists of translations with very diverse quality. Systems tuned with these m...

We develop linear representation theory for bicircular matroids, a chief example being a matroid associated with forests of a graph, and bicircular lift matroids, a chief example being a matroid associated with spanning forests. (These are bias and lift matroids of contrabalanced biased graphs.) The theory is expressed largely in terms of antivoltages (edge labellings that defy Kirchhoff’s volt...

Jamal and Sunder (1996) showed that the median prices in double auctions populated by zero-intelligence (ZI) traders whose trading limits are set by two biased heuristics tend to converge to the same equilibrium as if their trading limits were set by applying Bayes’ Rule. This note provides an analytical explanation of why the repeated use of biased heuristics approximates Bayes rule. JEL class...