German Aerospace Agency (DLR), Fraunhofer FOKUS.cats, and Tesat-Spacecom have designed a future multimedia ATMbased LEO satellite network. Part of the development was an adaptive MAC and FEC scheme which are presented in this paper. The MAC protocol reduces contention while the FEC scheme guarantees a maximum ATM cell error rate of 10−6 even in the presence of rain. FEC and MAC were implemented...

With numerous ongoing deployments owned by private companies and startups, dense satellite constellations deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) will play a major role the near future of wireless communications. In addition, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has efforts to integrate satellites into 5G beyond-5G networks. Nevertheless, challenges must be overcome fully exploit connectivity ca...

The satellite formation flying system is a collaborative system where multiple satellites cooperate in a formation to perform consensus mission in space LEO (Low-Earth-Orbit) through librations points. In recent years, this kind of formation flying systems are getting attention because of reduced cost of mission, failures and recovery and flexibility. If one big spacecraft is at a mission and i...

This paper analyzes several mitigation strategies and techniques that could enable delay sensitive applications to work properly over satellite IP networks. A study is conducted on different satellite classes (GEO, MEO and LEO) and the analysis of the current solutions for real-time interactive applications is performed. The great distance from Earth results in an important RTT, which is the ma...

The long-term throughput of optical links between a circular-LEO satellite and a ground station is assessed for systems with fixed and variable data rates. For a fixed data rate, we evaluate the minimum elevation angle above which the link should be established in order to maximize the throughput. The ratio of this optimized constant-data-rate throughput to the throughput of an adaptive transmi...

During the last few decades, battery Depth-of-Discharge (DoD) problem has always been a challenging and limiting factor on satellite-mission duration. This paper, from a system engineering point of view, comprehensively describes the power-hungry phases of a typical Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mission. Theses phases, each by itself or in any combination(s), may lead to high DoD levels (main...