Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor-microenvironment (TME) that supports the growth of tumors and mediates tumors enabling evasion of the immune system. Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I on tumor cells are methods by which tumors escape immunosurveillance. We examined immune cel...

In a very important recent study, Chen and colleagues describe that PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) is expressed on both malignant cells and infiltrating macrophages in a subset of aggressive B-cell lymphomas (1). The article highlights the possibilities of targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in these malignancies. Interactions between PD-1 on T cells and the ligand PD-L1 (B7-H1) control the induction and ma...

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a surface protein overexpressed in tumor cells. Recently, targeted therapy using PD-L1 antibodies to reconstitute the antitumor activity of T cells has received considerable attention as cancer treatment. Among several types anti-PD-L1 antibodies, small-sized antibody fragments are useful agents block for experimental and therapeutic purposes owing their hig...

results of all participants, 104 patients (52%) were diagnosed with cmv infection. there was no significant difference between the two groups, with and without cmv infection, in terms of patient’s characteristics. the cmv infection, in patients receiving a transplanted organ from deceased donor, was significantly more prevalent than in those receiving kidney transplant from living donor (63% vs...

the object of this cross sectional study was to determine the hcv subtype 3a envelope protein binding affinity with human leukocyte antigen. envelope 1 (e1) protein is one of the structural proteins responsible for entering the cells through the receptors. the binding affinity of e1 protein epitopes to the selected human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i alleles was investigated using the compute...

Methods A total of 96 patients (51 female) with UC in remission (not longer than 12 months) were included in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, non inferiority study comparing mesalazine 500 mg (3x1/d) to 100mg myrrh, 70mg chamomile extract and 50mg coffee charcoal (3 x 4/d) over a time period of 12 months. As primary outcome criterion, non-inferiority of the herbal preparat...

Limited information is available regarding the immune-related prognostic factors of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). The expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells contributes to a mechanism that allows cancer cells to escape immune surveillance. We investigated whether PD-L1 or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression in tu...

The advent of solid phase assays and in particular the single antigen bead (SAB) assay, on the Luminex platform has led to previously unheralded levels of HLA-specific antibody characterisation. However, it soon became apparent that the detection of antibodies detected by these assays was less than perfect and that not all antibodies determined could be considered clinically relevant. Thus, the...

The introduction of very sensitive HLA antibody screening assays has destroyed the old dogma that pre-existence of donor specific HLA antibodies in the patient is a contraindication for transplantation. The challenge is now to reach consensus on the parameters which predict the clinical relevance of donor specific HLA antibodies. Antibody screening assays should not only be used to prevent tran...