AIM to compare the vitamin D group of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a placebo group in terms of clinical improvement, nutritional status, sputum conversion, and radiological improvement. METHODS sixty seven tuberculosis patient visiting the Pulmonary Clinic, of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from January 1st to August 31st, 2001 were included in this study. The subjects were ran...

In this paper nine level Modified Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI) is analyzed for the various multi-carrier Pulse Width Modulation strategies. For the same nine level inverter output this particular topology has reduced count of switches, on comparing with the conventional Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel Inverter. For a single phase, nine level inverter output this topology require...

Nornicotine production in Nicotiana tabacum is undesirable because it is the precursor of the carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine. In some individual burley tobacco plants, a large proportion of the nicotine can be converted to nornicotine, and this process of nicotine conversion is mediated primarily by enzymatic N-demethylation of nicotine which is controlled mainly by CYP82E4. Here we report a ...

Multiple supply voltages (multi-VDD) is an effective technique for reducing the power consumption without compromising speed in an integrated circuit(IC). Different blocks of the design may be operated with different supply voltages. To transfer signals among the circuits operating at different voltage levels different level conversion circuits are required. Two types of Voltage Interface Circu...

agricultural land conversion (alc) has been introduced as one of the most important factorsaffecting ecosystem. this type of conversion has led to several challenges in agricultural development andhuman life. monitoring alc plays a crucial role when dealing with such challenges. the main objective of thisstudywas to monitor the trend ofalc in theqazvin province located in northwest iran from 19...

pulmonary tuberculosis is a common infection worldwide. in the eastern part of iran, fluctuations in tuberculosis prevalence are seen due to the migration of people from afghanistan. the aim of this study was to evaluate the time of bacteriologic sputum conversion after treatment and affecting factors in those whose smear does not become negative. this study was carried out on 85 smear-positive...

Nonallelic gene conversion has been proposed as a major force in homogenizing the sequences of paralogous genes. In this work, we investigate the extent and characteristics of gene conversion among gene families in nine species of the genus Drosophila. We carried out a genome-wide study of 2855 gene families (including 17,742 genes) and determined that conversion events involved 2628 genes. The...

Letter-to-phoneme conversion plays an important role in several applications. It can be a difficult task because the mapping from letters to phonemes can be many-to-many. We present a language independent letter-to-phoneme conversion approach which is based on the popular phrase based Statistical Machine Translation techniques. The results of our experiments clearly demonstrate that such techni...

Displaying broadcast video on a MultiMedia PC, implies the use of video format conversion (VFC) techniques, as computer displays and television receivers use quite distinct scanning rasters. VFC consists of spatial scaling, deinterlacing and picture rate conversion. Although scaling is rather straightforward, the other two tasks are far from trivial, and advanced motion compensated interpolatio...

Gene conversion is one of the major mutational mechanisms involved in the DNA sequence evolution of duplicated genes. It contributes to create unique patters of DNA polymorphism within species and divergence between species. A typical pattern is so-called concerted evolution, in which the divergence between duplicates is maintained low for a long time because of frequent exchanges of DNA fragme...