Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (HNA) is an unusual dermatosis that Levy-Franckel classified into three variants (1). This rare condition occurs primarily in young women and represents a cosmetic problem. Furthermore, its management is a therapeutic challenge. We report on the rare case of a 32-year-old woman with idiopathic bilateral HNA, which belongs to the third Levy-Franckel classi...

We consider the statistical properties of primary sequences of two-letter HP copolymers (H for hydrophobic and P for polar) designed to have water soluble globular conformations with H monomers shielded from water inside the shell of P monomers. We show, both by computer simulations and by exact analytical calculation, that for large globules and flexible polymers such sequences exhibit long-ra...

One of the most popular models for quantitatively understanding the emergence of drug resistance both in bacterial colonies and in malignant tumors was introduced long ago by Luria and Delbrück. Here, individual resistant mutants emerge randomly during the birth events of an exponentially growing sensitive population. A most interesting limit of this process occurs when the population size N is...

This paper estimates the risks of financial distress in UK universities, and uses these estimates to examine the basis of the annual levies paid to the UK’s Pension Protection Fund by the Universities Superannuation Scheme, a multi-employer scheme covering 391 universities and related institutions. The paper compares the payments between the two alternative participating arrangements for multi-...

In this article, we study the numerical approximation of stochastic differential equations driven by a multidimensional fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst parameter greater than 1/3. We introduce an implementable scheme for these equations, which is based on a second order Taylor expansion, where the usual Lévy area terms are replaced by products of increments of the driving fBm. The c...

In this paper, a novel hybrid Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) and Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm (IWO/CS) is presented for phase-only pattern synthesis of large array antenna. The IWO/CS embeds the Levy flight CS into IWO as global guide, thereby enhancing search ability algorithm. At same time, in order to avoid trapping local optimal solution, mutation operator introduced enhance Finally, comp...

Abstract In recent years, with the acceleration of global carbon emission reduction process, sustainable development clean energy has become leading role, and photovoltaic (PV) market ushered in a hotter market. For accurately estimating power generation PV modules under different weather conditions, modeling solar cells or is very important. However, conventional optimization algorithms cannot...

Local government units carry costs related to the shaping and spatial development of communes, are consequently interested in sharing benefits that land property owners gain on this account. This is possible through, inter alia, betterment levy. The aim study was determine reasons for discontinuation levy charging Poland, illustrated with example Gorlicki County. A further classify suggest dire...