There are two primary approaches to the use bilingual dictionary in statistical machine translation: (i) the passive approach of appending the parallel training data with a bilingual dictionary and (ii) the pervasive approach of enforcing translation as per the dictionary entries when decoding. Previous studies have shown that both approaches provide external lexical knowledge to statistical ma...

Users of computerized dictionaries require powerful and flexible tools for analyzing and manipulating the information in them. This paper discusses a system for grammatically describing and parsing entries from machine-readable dictionary tapes and a lexicai data base representation for storing the dictionary information. It also describes a language for querying, formatting, and maintaining di...

Ontology learning from text can be viewed as auxilliary technology for knowledge management application design. We proposed a technique for extraction of lexical entries that may give cue in assigning semantic labels to otherwise ‘anonymous’ non–taxonomic relations. In this paper we present experiments on semantically annotated corpus SemCor, and compare them with previous experiments on plain ...

The problem of recognizing phonological variations in the speech input has triggered numerous treatments in speech processing models. Two areas of current controversy are the possibility of phonological underspecification in the mental lexicon and the nature of the mapping mechanism from the speech signal to the abstract lexical entry. We present data from cross-modal repetition priming experim...

This paper describes our efforts to create a Unified Lexicon by extracting information from a variety of external resources, namely our XLE syntactic lexicon, WordNet, Cyc, and VerbNet. The UL is built in several steps: first the information is extracted from the resources; then it is merged into lexical entries based on word stem, syntactic subcategorization frame, meaning concept, and WordNet...

chology and, therefore, a chapter on the topic must be selective. This chapter will first place the relevant issues in a historical context and then review the basic visual word recognition phenomena within the context of current models. It will then be argued that any successful model of visual word recognition needs to incorporate the assumption of “interactivity,” that is, that the various c...

This paper describes the implementation of Screffva, a computer system written in Prolog that employs a parallel corpus for the automatic generation of bilingual dictionary entries. Screffva provides a lemmatised interface between a parallel corpus and its bilingual dictionary. The system has been trialled with a parallel corpus of Cornish-English bitext. Screffva is able to retrieve any given ...

In an effort to better understand meaning from natural language texts, we explore methods aimed at organizing lexical objects into contexts. A number of these methods for organization fall into a family defined by word ordering. Unlike demographic or spatial partitions of data, these collocation models are of special importance for their universal applicability. While we are interested here in ...

Behavioral evidence suggests that spoken word recognition involves the temporary activation of multiple entries in a listener's mental lexicon. This phenomenon can be demonstrated in cross-modal word fragment priming (CMWP). In CMWP, an auditory word fragment (prime) is immediately followed by a visual word or pseudoword (target). Experiment 1 investigated ERPs for targets presented in this par...

A method for automatic lexical acquisition is out lined. An existing lexicon that, in addition Io ordinary ]exical entries, contains prototypical cntrips for various non-exclusive paradigms of open-cl~,.ss words, is extended by inferring new lexical entries from texts containing unknown words. This is done by comparing the constraints placed on the unknown words hy the natural language system's...