In recent decades, many countries have adopted, to various degrees, the ideologies of commercial and republican liberalism. One salient aspect of the spread of commercial liberalism in the world has been the growth in international trade. The spread of republican liberalism has manifested itself by the rise in the level of democracy in countries over time. What are the implications of trade and...

In the 1990s, much discourse both in and about global civil society was beset by a false opposition. On the one side was the utopia of cosmopolitan liberalism. On the other was the specter of reactionary nationalism or fundamentalism. And, of course, in a variety of settings, some national and some diasporically transnational, the value loading was reversed: fundamentalist or national utopia, t...

Abstract Neo-liberalism can mean different things from perspectives. Social scientists tend to use the concept identify and critique trends of privatization, marketization, commodification enclosures, their associated slew exclusionary, dispossessive, regressive effects. Counterintuitively, governmentality analyses how practices collaboration, inclusion, participation, empowerment—practices som...

rawls’ theory of justice is expressed in a constructivist procedure. he holds that his constructivist procedure is free of metaphysical presuppositions. his constructivist procedure is here pursued in three stages: (1) in a theory of justice, rawls intends to come to moral principles regarding the original position which could even result in other moral principles as well. he also asserts some ...

The discussion develops the view that public justification in Rawls's political liberalism, one of its roles, is actualist fully enfranchising actual reasonable citizens and fundamental liberalism's order justification. I anchor this reading role Rawls accords to general reflective equilibrium, examine light relationship between justification, pro tanto values, full wide culture salient reason ...

The National Health Service (NHS), as a symbol of public health protection in the UK, was weaponised pro-Brexit debates. It suggested that European integration might inherently have undermined embedded liberalism and notably contributed to what Ruggie described “unbundling sovereignty” (Ruggie, 1993). manipulation NHS by right-wing populists has already been focus number articles, but calls pro...