In a routine assay using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image red blood cells (RBCs) under various experimental conditions, rapid increase in RBC size following exposure to water (up to a 21% increase in volume), or mastoparan (up to a 73% increase in volume) was demonstrated. The increase in size of RBCs following exposure to water was much lower when assessed by the AFM; however, this modes...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of sunlight exposure and antioxidant level with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Four thousand seven hundred fifty-three participants aged 65 years or older in the European Eye Study underwent fundus photography, were interviewed for adult lifetime sunlight exposure, and gave blood for antioxidant analysis. Blue light exposure was estimated ...

PURPOSE It is believed that for a certain ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, the biologic effect depends on the product of irradiance and exposure time (the reciprocity Bunsen-Roscoe law). The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the reciprocity law for UVR-induced cataract. METHODS Two experiments were conducted. In the first one, 100 Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed t...

This experiment tested effects of human eye pigmentation depending on the ethnicity on suppression of nocturnal melatonin secretion by light. Ten healthy Caucasian males with blue, green, or light brown irises (light-eyed Caucasians) and 11 Asian males with dark brown irises (dark-eyed Asians) volunteered to participate in the study. The mean ages of the light-eyed Caucasians and dark-eyed Asia...

Controlled Light Exposure Microscopy (CLEM): Photobleaching and Phototoxicity Reduced Photobleaching and phototoxicity are often the Achilles‘ heels of fluorescence live-cell imaging. Controlled Light Exposure Microscopy (CLEM) is a novel, simple imaging approach that reduces photobleaching and phototoxicity 2 to 10-fold without compromising image quality. The basic concept of CLEM is that ligh...

INTRODUCTION To investigate the validity of using 670nm red light as a preventative treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity in two animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). MATERIALS AND METHODS During and post exposure to hyperoxia, C57BL/6J mice or Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 670 nm light for 3 minutes a day (9J/cm²). Whole mounted retinas were investigated for evidence of...

Calpains are activated by excessive light exposure and related to retinal degeneration. We investigated the protective effects of ((1S)-1-((((1S)-1-benzyl-3-cyclopropylamino-2,3-di-oxopropyl)amino)carbonyl)-3-methylbutyl)carbamic acid 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl ester (SNJ-1945), a calpain inhibitor, against light-induced retinal degeneration in mice. SNJ-1945 was orally administrated at doses of 100...

This paper presents a technique that reaches 3-D shape measurement speed beyond the digital-light-processing (DLP) projector’s projection speed. For this technique, a “solid-state” binary structured pattern is generated with each micromirror pixel always being at one status (ON or OFF). By this means, any time segment of projection can represent the whole signal, thus the exposure time can be s...

Many sports competitions take place during television prime time, a time of the day when many athletes have already exceeded their time of peak performance. We assessed the effect of different light exposure modalities on physical performance and melatonin levels in athletes during prime time. Seventy-two young, male elite athletes with a median (interquartile range) age of 23 (21; 29) years an...

The sign of an accommodative response is provided by differences in chromatic aberration between under- and over-accommodated images. We asked whether these differences enable people to judge the depth order of two stimuli in the absence of other depth cues. Two vertical edges separated by an illuminated gap were presented at random relative distances. Exposure was brief, or prolonged with fixe...