Human vision has a remarkable ability to perceive two layers at the same retinal locations, a transparent layer in front of a background surface. Critical image cues to perceptual transparency, studied extensively in the past, are changes in luminance or color that could be caused by light absorptions and reflections by the front layer, but such image changes may not be clearly visible when the...

The first four strings of phototubes for the AMANDA high-energy neutrino observatory are now frozen in place at a depth of 800 to 1000 m in ice at the South Pole. During the 1995-96 season an additional six strings will be deployed at greater depths. Provided absorption, scattering, and refraction of visible light are sufficiently small, the trajectory of a muon into which a neutrino converts c...

In this paper, we used infrared light in the range of 8-12 μm to develop and test an optical imaging system to detect air bubbles flowing in oil. The system basically comprises a broadband light source and a 31 × 32 thermopile array to generate images. To analyze the effects related to light absorption, reflection, and refraction on air-oil boundaries, a numerical model was developed and the pr...

Fourier transform (FT)-plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) spectroscopy measures light reflectivity at a waveguide interface as the incident frequency and angle are scanned. Under conditions of total internal reflection, the reflected light intensity is attenuated when the incident frequency and angle satisfy conditions for exciting surface plasmon modes in the metal as well as guided modes withi...

PURPOSE To examine the prevalence of refractive errors in children aged 3-6 years in China. METHODS Children were recruited for a trial of a home-based amblyopia screening kit in Guangzhou preschools, during which cycloplegic refractions were measured in both eyes of 2480 children. Cycloplegic refraction (from 3 to 4 drops of 1% cyclopentolate to ensure abolition of the light reflex) was meas...

Abstract Transverse (Hall-effect) and Goos–Hänchen shifts of light beams reflected/refracted at planar interfaces are important wave phenomena, which can be significantly modified enhanced by the presence intrinsic orbital angular momentum (OAM) in beam. Recently, optical spatiotemporal vortex pulses (STVPs) carrying a purely transverse OAM were predicted theoretically generated experimentally....

This paper describes the fabrication and operating principles of a reconfigurable diffraction grating based on a microfluidic device. Ž . The device consists of an array of microscopic channels 50 mm wide and 20 mm deep defined by the conformal contact between a transparent elastomeric material that has an embossed surface relief and a flat glass substrate. The microchannels can be filled rever...

The most fundamental aspect of a contact lens is its optics; the manner in which refraction light managed to optimise vision clinical benefit wearer. This report presents contemporary information on optical structure eye and models employed understand correction refractive error. design, measurement assessment spherical, aspheric, toric, multifocal myopia control lenses are described. complexit...