currently available non-invasive clinical methods for diagnosing osteoporosis are mainly associated with ionizing radiation. ultrasonic assessment of bone disease is a more recent technology. a theoretical explanation for the relationship between ultrasonic parameters and bone structure is necessary. thus, two types of bone samples of perspex (hap) and perspex-glass beads were produced. each ty...

Retinal oxygen metabolic rate can be effectively measured by visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), which simultaneously quantifies oxygen saturation and blood flow rate in retinal vessels through spectroscopic analysis and Doppler measurement, respectively. Doppler OCT relates phase variation between sequential A-lines to the axial flow velocity of the scattering medium. The det...

As a component of upper motor neuron syndrome, assessment of abnormality in muscle tone, including spasticity and rigidity, is a routine clinical examination. The aim of this study is to extend a sophisticated motor-driven measurement system, developed in our previous research, as a validation platform for developing a portable muscle tone measurement system. The main features of hand-held musc...

We developed a new glass-tube-pair type Doppler probe array for 1D ion velocity vector and temperature measurement. It needs just two parallel glass-tube insertion, realizing low plasma perturbation flow measurement on single discharge. Using four mirrors optical fibers one point, this system can measure local light emissions of each volume from different directions, enabling us to temperature....

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in normal and anesthetized dogs using a pupillometer. Eleven dogs (20 eyes) of various breeds were included. PLRs were measured with a handheld pupillometer in dim light before and during anesthesia. Anesthesia was conducted with atropine, xylazine and ketamine. Parameters of pupillometry included neurologic...