background: therapeutic effects of lithium in manic-depressive disorders have been clarified. during the present study, the effects of lithium carbonate have been assessed on apomorphine-induced sniffing in rats. materials and methods: male albino rats were housed in a glass cylinder and food and water were freely available till 60 minutes before the experiment. immediately after apomorphine in...

BACKGROUND Lithium has been the gold standard in treating bipolar disorder. In recent years, the use of lithium seems to be diminished although it is well tolerated among the bipolar disorder patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lithium as well as to determine factors associated with lithium response among patient with bipolar disorder. ...

in the present study, interactive effects of d1 and d2 dopamine receptors antagonists and different periods of lithium pretreatment on morphine dependence in mice have been investigated. this study was designed to investigate whether the hypothesis that lithium and dopaminergic mechanisms via their effects on phosphoinositide pathways and calcium flux could influence morphine withdrawal respons...

Lithium ion conductors 5. Lithium Nitride Li3N 6. Lithium Lanthanum Titanium Oxide, Li3xLa0.67-xTiO3 7. Lithium Titanium Phosphate, LiTi2(PO4)3 Sodium ion conductors 8. Sodium β-Alumina, Na2O)1+x(Al2O3)11 9. Sodium β”-Alumina, Li-stabilized, Na1.5(Li0.25Al10.75)O17 10. Sodium β-Gallate, (Na2O)*n(Ga2O3) 11. Sodium β”-Gallate, Na1.98Ga10.673 O17 12. Sodium Yttrium Silicate, Na5YSi4O12 13. Sodium ...

The crystal structures of five natural samples of the lithiophilite–triphylite series [Li(Mn,Fe)PO4; Li = M1, (Mn,Fe) = M2] were refined to determine structural variation along the Mn (r = 0.83 Å) ⇔ Fe (r = 0.78 Å) solid-solution series, and to elucidate variations in the atomic arrangement of Pbnm olivine. The refinements converged to R ≤ 0.017. Bonds at the O3 site are fundamental in understa...

The crystal structure of katayamalite has been determined by Patterson method and refined by the least-squares method using single crystal diffractometer data, giving R = 0.057 for 5785 reflections. Formula: (K,Na)Li.Ca,(Ti,Fe'+,Mn)2[Si60'8].(OH,F)2' Cell dimensions: a 9.721(2), b 16.923(3), c 19.942(3)A, a 91.43(10t, iJ 104.15(11t, 'Y 89.94(10t, space group Cl, Z = 4; or a 9.763(2), b 9.721(2)...

The oldest remnants of life on Earth from various localities in the Isua supracrustal belt Greenland date back to >3.7 billion years ago (Ga). They are form graphite, whose biogenicity is controversial. Previous studies used presence and isotopic composition nitrogen graphite along argue both for against biogenicity. To determine if chemistry can indeed serve as a biosignature, we investigated ...

mp2 calculations with cc-pvtz basis set were used to analyze intermolecular interactions in f3cx···yli···nccn and f3cx···nccn···liy triads (x = cl, br; y = cn, nc) which are connected via halogen and lithium bonds. those complexes with the role of liy as halogen acceptor and lithium donor show cooperativity with energy values ranging between -1.97 and -2.92 kj mol-1. those complexes with simult...