Several scrawny cottonwood trees do not usually generate much excitement in the w orld o f eco logy . B ut on a wind-whipped August afternoon in Yellowstone National Park's Lamar Valley, William J. Ripple, a professor of botany at Oregon State University, stands next to a 12-foot-high cottonwood tree and is quietly ecstatic. "You can see the terminal bud scars," the bespectacled Ripple says, be...

Robert Netting had a central role in establishin g agricultural anthropology. Many people rightly remember him as an astute ethnographer of farming communities‚ focused on analyzing the empirical details of changing patterns of household composition ‚ land holding size and labor use. Yet‚ during his career he was increasin gly concerned about the sustainability of smallholder vs. conventional i...

The purpose of the investigation was to establish the exact number of root canals in the maxillary first permanent molar, their direction, type and relation, based upon a large number of random samples. Randomly chosen 443 maxillary first permanent molars (221 left and 222 right) were investigated with the aim to get more knowledge into the morpho­ logy of the endodontic space. One canal in the...

Like all primary cells in vitro, normal human melanocytes exhibit a physiologic decay in proliferative potential as it transitions to a growth-arrested state. The underlying transcriptional program(s) that regulate this phenotypic change is largely unknown. To identify molecular determinants of this process, we performed a Bayesian-based dynamic gene expression analysis on primary melanocytes u...

Th~ · cOlnplexityofthe. nature of religion has beeIl partially responsible for thediffi~ultyin r~~chi?g a universally accepted d~finition. Th~ inclination has been to · broadly define the termin?logy as did Tylor in ·1874 . . From so broad a definition "a belief in spiritual beings" anthropologists can then project more specific characteristics which may be considered necessary. For instance, C...