Derived values of the thickness of the effective elastic lithosphere on Mars are converted to estimates of lithospheric thermal gradients and surface heat flow by finding the thickness of the elastic-plastic plate having the same bending moment and curvature, subject o assumed strain rates and temperature-dependent flow laws for crustal and mantle matedhal. Local thermal gradients and heat flow...

[1] The estimation of uniform viscosities representing the lower crust and uppermost mantle from postseismic or interseismic deformation (i.e., apparent viscosities) is inherently biased with respect to a depth dependence of the viscosities within each layer. Estimates are biased toward a more viscous lower crust or a less viscous lithospheric mantle, depending on the relative geometric mean vi...

Olivine comprises >60% of the upper mantle, making it the dominant control on heat transport through the lithosphere. Accurate estimates of the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity are important to modeling geotherms, estimating lithospheric thickness, determining the depth range of melt generation, etc. Diffusivity and conductivity result from lattice vibration and radiative transport ...

there are three different basic dykes in the northeast of golpayegan area, central part of sanandaj-sirjan zone (ssz) including: mylonitic gabbros (group 1), alkali dioritic-basanitic dykes (group 2) and alkali monzogabbroic to monzodioritic dykes (group 3). group 2 and 3 cut post-collisional rocks and are related to after subduction processes of neo-tethys. geochemistry characteristic of studi...

Abstract The transfer of chalcophile metals across the continental lithosphere has been traditionally modeled based on their chemical equilibrium partitioning in sulfide liquids and silicate magmas. Here, we report a suite Ni-Fe-Cu droplets trans-lithospheric magmatic network linking subcontinental lithospheric mantle to overlying crust. Petrographic characteristics numerical calculations both ...

Lithospheric slab tearing, the process by which a subducted lithospheric plate is torn apart and sinks into Earth’s mantle, has been proposed as cause for surface vertical motions in excess of 100 s meters. However, little known about mechanisms that help initiate control propagation tearing associated uplift. This study aims to explore these processes means 3D thermo-mechanical geodynamic mode...

The elevation of Earth's surface is among the most difficult environmental variables to reconstruct from the geological record. Here we describe an approach to paleoaltimetry based on independent and simultaneous determinations of soil temperatures and the oxygen isotope compositions of soil waters, constrained by measurements of abundances of 13C-18O bonds in soil carbonates. We use this appro...

Mantle convection--the creeping flow of solid mantle rock driven by buoyancy forces predominantly arising from thermal expansion--is the accepted paradigm for explaining the internal geological activity of the Earth. Its theoretical understanding is largely based on the simple concept of RayleighB6nard convection. Here, one assumes a fluid layer of infinite lateral extent and constant material ...

It has been claimed that focused hot cylindrical upwelling plumes cause many of the surface volcanic hotspots on Earth. It has also been argued that they must originate from thermal boundary layers. In this paper, we present spherical simulations of mantle circulation at close to Earth-like vigor with significant internal heating. These show, in addition to thermal boundary layer plumes, a new ...

We apply a tool based on element distribution between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene for quantifying rare earth element (REE) disequilibria in ultramafic rocks in the subsolidus state. We present case studies of the REE contents of mineral cores in mantle xenoliths and abyssal peridotites using in situ analytical tools. Even when only mineral cores are measured (to avoid enriched rims), equili...