The tail-flick (TF) test is the most frequently used method to measure pain levels and assess the effects of anesthesia. In this study, we performed the TF test in rats sedated via an indwelling epidural catheter and then examined the effectiveness of this method in evaluating the local anesthetic effects. First, an epidural catheter was inserted into the epidural space, and anesthetic [lidocai...

introduction: hemodialysis through creation of arteriovenous fistula (avf) is an established surgical procedure for patients with end stage renal disease (esrd). anesthetic methods management for this surgery should deal with different risk factors such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease and diabetes. intravenous regional anesthesia (ivra) or bier block anesthesia as an option for avf crea...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The CEROF-HC is a public hospital specialized in ophthalmology. Anesthetic blocks for ophthalmic surgeries are common and effective. But the technique is not devoid of risks, and there is the possibility of meningeal perforation and injection of the local anesthetic (LA) in the central nervous system (CNS). The objective of this study was to report a case of brainstem ...

BACKGROUND Pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a big problem in orthopaedic surgery. Although opioids and continuous epidural analgesia remain the major options for the postoperative pain management of TKA, they have some undesirable side effects. Epidural analgesia is technically demanding, and the patient requires close monitoring. Different types of local anesthetic applications can ...

Topical anesthetic allergy is a rare but recognized entity forwhich incidence is difficult to calculate owing to the difference between a perceivedand trueallergic response.Allergic episodesattributed to topical anesthetics are typically adverse reactions, such as a vasovagal event, rather than thedevelopmentofhypersensitivity.1However, several articles place the likely incidence of topical ane...

BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of a single-injection technique for percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia with a short needle as an alternative to the double-injection technique for cataract extraction. METHODS We included 200 patients who underwent elective cataract surgery randomized into 2 equal groups. They received either single-injection peribulbar anesthesia with a 16-mm needle or do...

BACKGROUND Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most common causes of low back pain among older adults and can cause significant disability. Despite its prevalence, treatment of spinal stenosis symptoms remains controversial. Epidural steroid injections are used with increasing frequency as a less invasive, potentially safer, and more cost-effective treatment than surgery. However, there is a l...