The model dependence of the development of extensive air showers generated by high-energy cosmic-ray particles in the atmosphere is studied. The increase of proton–proton and proton–air inelastic cross sections and values for the elasticity are varied in the hadronic interaction model QGSJET. Using the CORSIKA simulation program, the impact of these changes is investigated on air shower observa...

INTRODUCTION Heart rate variability which denotes variations of the length of consecutive heart cycles has been suggested to reflect the modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system. METHODS Sixty four patients of ASA I and ASA II status scheduled for elective abdominal surgical procedures were randomly allocated to group 1 and group 2. Premedication and induction of anaesthesia were ...

In several cases (e.g., thermal noise, weather echoes, ...), the incoming signal to a radar receiver can be assumed to be Rayleigh distributed. When estimating the mean power from the inherently fluctuating Rayleigh signals, it is necessary to average either the echo power intensities or the echo logarithmic levels. Until now, it has been accepted that averaging the echo intensities provides sm...

Inequalities for the Schwab-Borchardt mean are obtained. They contain known results for the trigonometric and hyperbolic functions including those obtained by J. Wilker [15] and C. Huygens [5]. The main results of this paper can also be utilized to obtain new inequalities for some bivariate means including the logarithmic mean and two means introduced by Seiffert. Mathematics subject classifica...

In this paper, we propose new variants of Newton’s method based on quadrature formula and power mean for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. It is proved that the order of convergence of the proposed family is three. Numerical comparisons are made to show the performance of the presented methods. Furthermore, numerical experiments demonstrate that the logarithmic mean Newton’...

purpose: e is a commonly use letter for illiterates or those who could not read english to measure visual acuity. the e chart is the mainly used charts in iran. however, they do not have the standards. they are in different format, fixed for 6 meter test, with or without lighting, with unequal number of letters in each line and different contrasts. as a result, there is an essential need for a ...