A modified fully-digital PN code tracking loop is proposed for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication. By taking advantage of the inherent diversity, a modified code tracking loop is embedded into a RAKE receiver to avoid problems caused by unstable locked points of error signals. Such unsteadiness of locked points often occurs with a conventional code tracking loop because the error sig...

Two types of scrambling code planning methods for multi-layer asynchronous 3GPP W-CDMA systems are developed by modifying the PN offset planning methods for synchronous CDMA systems. One is based on the reuse of code sets and the other is based on the graph coloring optimization. A condition that guarantees no code set confusion is derived. Design examples demonstrate that the graph coloring ba...

This study attempted to investigate the impact of teacher’s code-switching on the acquisition of a problematic grammatical structure, namely, object relative clauses, by intermediate EFL learners. Moreover, a secondary objective of the study was to determine the EFL learners’ attitudes and opinions regarding the effectiveness of teacher’s code-switching in their learning of a specific aspect of...

This paper investigates the impact of puncturing on finite-length polar codes in which a puncturing pattern p = (p0, ..., pN ) is applied to a length-N polar code.. We first introduce two virtual channels to stochastically model the punctured (untransmitted) bits, which are respectively called useless channel model (UCM) and deterministic channel model (DCM). Under each model, we derive boolean...

A QCD analysis of ¯ pN → γ * π and ¯ pN → γ * γ Where is the pion in the proton ? We study the scaling regime of nucleon-anti-nucleon annihilation into a deeply virtual photon and a photon or meson, ¯ pN → γ * π, ¯ pN → γ * γ, in the forward direction. The leading twist amplitude factorizes into an antiproton distribution amplitude, a short-distance matrix element and a long-distance dominated ...

The benefits of textual input enhancement in the acquisition of linguistic forms have produced mixed results in SLA literature. The present study investigates the effects of textual enhancement on adult foreign language intake of two English linguistic forms-subjunctive mood and inversion structures-to explore the role of the type of linguistic items in input enhancement studies. It also invest...

Home parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with many complications including severe hepatobiliary dysfunction. Commercial ω-6 fatty acid-soybean based-lipid emulsions in PN may mediate long term PN associate liver disease (PNALD) whereas ω-3-fish oil parenteral emulsions have shown to reverse PNALD in children. However, its clinical effectiveness in adults has been scarcely reported. In this ...

OBJECTIVE To study the outcomes of broncho ± angioplastic sleeve lobectomy (SL) versus pneumonectomy (PN), and the PN:SL ratio after an aggressive policy of parenchyma-sparing surgery to improve postoperative complications rate and long-term quality of life (QoL). METHODS A prospective study was conducted in 490 patients with non-small cell lung cancer between 2005 and 2009. All patients not ...

The intrahepatic cholestasis attributed to parenteral nutrition (PN) in the adult patient is relatively rare and usually occurs in patients receiving long-term PN. This article reports the first case of an adult patient with cholestatic PN-associated liver disease without sepsis who received almost all her nutrition requirements through PN. Administration of an ω-3-enriched lipid emulsion added...

EPIDEMIOLOGY Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs) occur in 1.3% to 26.2% of patients with central venous catheters used to administer parenteral nutrition (PN). Because of their nutritional components, PN solutions can support microbial growth. Contamination during preparation and handling is rare in hospitals and home-infusion pharmacies but may be difficult to control in a home s...