NADPH oxidase (Nox) has a dedicated function of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulating evidence suggests that Nox has an important role in signal transduction in cellular stress responses. We have reviewed the current evidence showing that the Nox system can be activated by a collection of chemical, physical, and biological cellular stresses. In many circumstances, Nox activatio...

The environmental benefits of low emissions lean burn technology in reducing NOx emissions up to 80only be effective when these are deployed to a large range of new aero-engine applications. While integrating methodologies for advanced engine architectures and thermodynamic cycles. It will support European engine manufacturers to pick up and keep pace with the US competitors, being already able...

Toluene and other aromatics have long been viewed as the dominant anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, but the SOA mass yields from toluene reported in previous studies vary widely. Experiments conducted in the Carnegie Mellon University environmental chamber to study SOA formation from the photooxidation of toluene show significantly larger SOA production than parameteriza...

Diesel vehicles are responsible for most of the traffic-related nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, including nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The use of after-treatment devices increases the risk of high NO2/NOx emissions from diesel engines. In order to investigate the factors influencing NO2/NOx emissions, an emission experiment was carried out on a high pressure common-rail, turboc...

A study was conducted to determine the effect of carbon monoxide (CO), nitroxide (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on ROS production, photosynthesis and ascorbate-glutathione pathway in strawberry plants. The results showed that both singlet oxygen (O2(-1)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content increased in CO, NOx and SO2 treated strawberry leaves. A drastic reduction of primary metabolism of plan...

In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO3 formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO2 (6ANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questi...

The refractive index (RI) is the fundamental characteristic that affects the optical properties of aerosols, which could be some of the most important factors influencing direct radiative forcing. The secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generated by the photooxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene (BTEX) under low-NOx and high-NOx conditions are explored in this study. The partic...

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is implicated in thrombogenesis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Previous studies indicated that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) stimulated the generation of PAI-1 in vascular endothelial cells (EC). The present study demonstrated that LDL oxidized by copper, iron, or 3-morpholinosydnonimine increased the expression of NADPH ox...

Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx over hydrothermally stable metal oxide catalysts is still a great challenge in heavy-duty diesel exhaust purification. Herein, MnOx/Al2O3 with highly dispersed low-coordinated Mn active sites were originally demonstrated for low-temperature reduction. The catalyst exhibited greater than 90 % conversion within 200–360 °C even after 24 h ...

an ever-increasing drift of energy consumption, unequal geographical distribution of natural wealth and the quest for low carbon fuel for a cleaner environment are sparking the production and use of biodiesels in many countries around the globe. in this work, jatropha and karanja biodiesels were produced from the respective crude vegetable oils through transesterification, and the different phy...