Three ideal point-based multi-criteria decision methods (MCDM), i.e., iterative ideal point thresholding (IIPT), compromise programming (CP) and a newly-proposed CP variant, called balanced compromise programming (BCP), were applied to the Tabacay catchment in Ecuador with the aim of finding a distribution of land use types (LUT) that optimizes regional land performance. This performance was ex...

This study determined the influence of gender, menstrual phase (MP), and oral contraceptive (OC) use on immunological changes in response to endurance exercise. Twelve women and 11 men similar in age, aerobic power, and activity level cycled for 90 min at 65% maximal aerobic power. Women were OC users (n = 6) or nonusers (NOC) and cycled during the follicular (Fol) and the luteal (Lut) phases. ...

The loss of lower urinary tract (LUT) control is a ubiquitous consequence of a complete spinal cord injury, attributed to a lack of regeneration of supraspinal pathways controlling the bladder. Previous work in our lab has utilized a combinatorial therapy of peripheral nerve autografts (PNG), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to treat a complete T8 spinal co...

Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of vegetables rich in the xanthophylls lutein (LUT) and zeaxanthin (ZEA) reduces the risk for developing age-related cataract, a leading cause of vision loss. Although LUT and ZEA are the only dietary carotenoids present in the lens, direct evidence for their photoprotective effect in this organ is not available. The present study examined the ef...

Net surface shortwave radiation (NSSR) is a key parameter that drives the material exchange and energy balance. Herein, we propose an improved artificial neuron network (ANN) with parameterized (ANN-P) method to first calculate albedo at top of atmosphere (TOA) by considering non-Lambertian effect. Subsequently, NSSR estimated based on relationship between TOA broadband Earth's surface-absorbed...

This study utilized neuronal c-fos expression to examine the spinal pathways involved in processing nociceptive and non-nociceptive afferent input from the lower urinary tract (LUT) of the urethane-anesthetized rat. C-fos protein was detected immunocytochemically in only a small number of cells (< 2 cells/L6 section) in control animals. However, chemical irritation with 1% acetic acid or mechan...

Some algorithms are more efficient than others. The complexity of an algorithm is a function describing the efficiency of the algorithm which has two measures: Space Complexity and Time Complexity. In this paper, we present complexity analysis for FPGA based designs which is based on 4-input and 1-output LUT structure followed by the majority of FPGA manufacturers. The same procedure is then ap...

The design and implementation of a high-speed direct digital frequency synthesizer are presented. A modified Brent-Kung parallel adder is combined with pipelining technique to improve the speed of the system. A gated clock technique is proposed to reduce the number of registers in the phase accumulator design. The quarter wave symmetry technique is used to store only one quarter of the sine wav...

It is difficult for LUT-based FPGA technology mapping to generate a power-minimal K-input LUT network with minimum depth at one time because a problem for power-minimization was shown to be NP-hard[5]. A problem for area-minimization is also NP-hard, and area-aware algorithms[7][8][9][10] recover area after generating a depthminimum network. On the other hand, existing poweraware algorithms[11]...

Due to wide power spectrums of rectangular data streams, it is important for base-band signals to be heavily band limited before modulation. That can be achieved by pulse shaping of rectangular bits. Some of the most common are a half-sine pulse shaper and a Gaussian pulse shaper which are used in Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) and Gaussian Frequency Shift Keyi...