BACKGROUND Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection allows recovery of CD4 T lymphocytes. Few studies have explored the long-term T-lymphocyte responses to HAART. METHODS Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts were longitudinally analyzed over 4 years in 2235 participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort, commencing HAART betw...

Dual expression of chemokine receptor CCR4 and E-selectin ligand is characteristic of skin-tropic CD4 T cells from blood, lymphoid organs, and the skin itself. A strong and specific correlation exists among CCR4, its ligand CCL17/TARC, and the cutaneous lymphocyte-homing process. Nevertheless, whether CCR4 function is required for skin-specific trafficking remains an open question, which we add...

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) concentrates radiation to a predefined target, affecting all the cells within it. Adoptive immunotherapy is not restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in recognizing and eliminating target cells. We investigated the effects of the combined modality of SBRT and adoptive immunotherapy on patients with advanced malignant tumors. The data...

Bcr-abl fusion peptide-specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte clones have recently been shown to augment colony formation by chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells in a bcr-abl type-specific and HLA class II-restricted manner without addition of exogenous antigen. These findings suggest that CML cells can naturally process and present endogenous bcr-abl fusion protein to CD4+ T lymphocytes in the context...

BACKGROUND This study sought to better define the immunological impact of combining neoadjuvant total androgen suppression (TAS) with radiotherapy (xRT) in treating prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects selected (n = 37) were stage I-II prostate cancer patients meeting the eligibility requirements for RTOG protocols 94-08 or 94-13. Flow cytometric monitoring of circulating T helper ...

Pulmonary immune responses are suited to determine mechanisms of lymphocyte elimination, as lung inflammation must be regulated tightly to preserve gas exchange. The self-terminating response of primed C57BL/6 mice to intratracheal challenge with the T cell-dependent Ag sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was used to test the importance of lung lymphocyte apoptosis in pulmonary immunoregulation. Apoptosi...

2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine, a new lymphocyte-selective, anti-neoplastic drug was administered to 18 patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell origin. All patients were resistant to conventional treatment. A total of 44 courses of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine were completed with minimal toxicity. An overall response rate of 55% was achieved with four of 18 patients demonstrating partia...

Aquatic birds are commonly affected by oil spills. Despite rehabilitation efforts, the majority of rehabilitated common guillemots (Uria aalge) do not survive, whereas mute swans (Cygnus olor) tend to have higher postrelease survival. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in crude oil and diesel are immunotoxic in birds affecting cell-mediated responses to immunogens. Because it is a target ...

Graves' disease has attracted considerable attention as an autoimmune disease. In this study, cellular immunity in patients with this disease was assessed. Specifically examined was the lymphocyte response to mitogens, Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the percentage of lymphocyte subsets. No significant difference was observed in the lymphocyte...