The combination of the induction of lymphopenia and vaccination and/or T cell transfer is garnering much attention for cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown that the induction of lymphopenia by chemotherapy or radiation can enhance the antitumor efficacy of several distinct, cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches. The mechanism(s) by which such enhancement is achieved are being inte...

The peripheral lymphocyte pool size is governed by homeostatic mechanisms. Thus, grafted T cells expand and replenish T cell compartments in lymphopenic hosts. Lymphopenia-driven proliferation of naive CD8 T cells depends on self-peptide/MHC class I complexes and the cytokine IL-7. Lymphopenia-driven proliferation and maintenance of memory CD8 T cells are MHC independent, but are believed to re...

Influenza A (H5N1) is endemic in poultry across much of Southeast Asia, but limited information exists on the distinctive features of the few human cases. In Thailand, we instituted nationwide surveillance and tested respiratory specimens by polymerase chain reaction and viral isolation. From January 1 to March 31, 2004, we reviewed 610 reports and identified 12 confirmed and 21 suspected cases...

The association between lymphopenia and autoimmunity is recognized, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and have not been studied systematically in humans. People with multiple sclerosis treated with the lymphocyte-depleting monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab offer a unique opportunity to study this phenomenon; one in three people develops clinical autoimmunity, and one in three pe...

The peripheral lymphocyte pool size is governed by homeostatic mechanisms. Thus, grafted T cells expand and replenish T cell compartments in lymphopenic hosts. Lymphopenia-driven proliferation of naive CD8+ T cells depends on self-peptide/MHC class I complexes and the cytokine IL-7. Lymphopenia-driven proliferation and maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells are MHC independent, but are believed to ...

FTY720, a potent immunomodulatory drug in phase 2/3 clinical trials, induces rapid and reversible sequestration of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs, thereby preventing their migration to sites of inflammation. As prerequisite for its function, phosphorylation of FTY720 to yield a potent agonist of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P(1) is required in vivo, catalyzed by an as-yet-...

Transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients undergo transfusion immunomodulating effects, which result in a general immune response depression and, consequently, an increase the frequency of infectious episodes and neoplastic events due to reduction phagocytic function. Altered natural killer functions IL-2-mediated lymphocytic response, defects antigen presentation monocyte–macrophage cells, de...

conclusions subcutaneous nodules in the absence of a local reaction at the site of bcg vaccination may be the sole manifestation of disseminated bcg disease. case presentation we report on an 11-months-old boy with prolonged fever and diffuse hyperpigmented subcutaneous nodules. due to lymphopenia, oral thrush and severe adverse reaction to bcg vaccination, the possibility of primary immunodefi...

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness with a broad range of clinical manifestations, one which hematological manifestations that cause high morbidity and mortality if there delay in diagnosis. This research was conducted to analyze the pattern SLE patients. descriptive retrospective study. A total 106 patients systemic lupus erythematosus met inclusion criteria. Patients w...