Abstract Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) is defined as the presence of müllerian derivatives, uterus, and Fallopian tubes in otherwise normally masculinized 46, XY subjects. It's more common children with cryptorchidism a rare finding during hernia surgery among adults risk malignant degeneration. Here we present case 34-year-old adult male history irreducible swelling right groin for...

to doing this research daily interpolated temperature data from asfezari data base have been used. in order to recognition extreme cold days, the normalized temperature deviation index (ntdi) applied. then the index sorted according to extensive and severity and first 500 days selected for analysis. the geopotential height data extracted from www.esrl.noaa.gov data base. the thickness anomaly c...

Cryptic species have evolved camouflage, which enhances survival by decreasing their visibility and thus protecting them from would-be predators. Conversely, aposematic species have evolved vibrant colors which enhance visibility. These warning signals work by helping unpalatable, toxic, evasive, or stinging prey stand out from more favorable prey. Thus, predators learn to generalize the appear...

Mimicry is usually understood to be an adaptive resemblance between phylogenetically distant groups of species. In this study, we focus on Batesian and Müllerian mimicry, which are often viewed as a continuum rather than distinct phenomena, forming so-called Batesian-Müllerian mimicry rings. Despite potent defence wide environmental niche hornets, little attention has been paid them potential m...