To differentiate the unique and overlapping functions of LFA-1 and Mac-1, LFA-1-deficient mice were developed by targeted homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, and neutrophil function was compared in vitro and in vivo with Mac-1-deficient, CD18-deficient, and wild-type mice. LFA-1-deficient mice exhibit leukocytosis but do not develop spontaneous infections, in contrast to CD18-defi...

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), one major cause of wasted energy is that the wireless network interface is always on to accept possible traffic. Many medium access control (MAC) protocols therefore adopted a periodic listen-and-sleep scheme to save energy, at sacrifice of end-to-end latency and throughput. Another cause is packet dropping due to network congestion, necessitating a lightweig...

The in-vitro activities of KRM-1648, a new benzoxazinorifamycin, clarithromycin and levofloxacin against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were measured using various methods of assay and compared with their in-vivo therapeutic activities against MAC infection in mice. The MICs varied according to drug in the order KRM-1648 << clarithromycin < levofloxacin. However, KRM-164...

The Mac-2 lectin (carbohydrate binding protein 35) is a soluble, 32- to 35-kDa phosphoprotein that binds galactose-containing glycoconjugates. We report here that the colonic epithelium is a major site of Mac-2 expression in vivo based on immunohistochemistry of human tissue specimens. In this epithelium, proliferating cells at the base of the crypts do not express Mac-2 but its expression incr...

Bcl-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis, in part, by controlling formation of the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (MAC), which is a putative cytochrome c release channel induced early in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This channel activity was never observed in Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, MAC appears when Bax translocates to mitochondria and cytochrome c is released in c...

We present new a MAC function based on Rijndael that is a factor 2.5 more efficient than CBC-MAC with Rijndael, while providing a comparable claimed security level. This MAC function has the Alred construction [5] and can be seen as an optimized version of Alpha-MAC introduced in the same paper.

Nodes in a wireless network transmit messages through a shared medium. Thus, a Media Access Control (MAC) protocol is necessary to regulate and coordinate medium access. For some application areas it is necessary to have a deterministic MAC protocol which can give guarantees on message delay and channel throughput. Schedule based MAC protocols, based on time synchronization among nodes, are cur...

Sensor nodes in large-scale sensor networks autonomously and proactively report diverse information obtained from extensive target area to a base station, which is energy unconstrained node. To efficiently handle the variable traffic, we present Co-MAC, an energy efficient medium access control protocol for large-scale sensor networks. In Co-MAC, an overall network is divided into independent s...

In this paper, we propose a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol, called SYN-MAC (for SYNchronized MAC), based on a binary countdown approach tailored for wireless networks. SYN-MAC has several attractive features such as simplicity, robustness, high efficiency, fairness, and quality of service capability. We evaluate SYN-MAC in terms of collision probability, system throughput, and packe...

We propose Isochronous-MAC (I-MAC) using the LongWave Standard Time Code (so called “wave clock”), and introduce crosslayer design for a low-power wireless sensor node with I-MAC. I-MAC has a periodic wakeup time synchronized with the actual time, and thus we take the wave clock. However, a frequency of a crystal oscillator varies along with temperature, which incurs a time difference among nod...