This paper presents Wizard, a generalised framework for learning macro-actions in planning. Wizard suggests macroactions that can be provided as additional actions for future planning. It enhances a domain for a planner through comprehensive macro suggestions. Wizard learns macro-actions for arbitrary planners or domains without exploiting their structural properties. It not only captures macro...

idiarrhea is known as the current and economic disease among new born calves. it is characterized by dehydration, loss of macro-minerals, weakness, recumbency and death. in calves diarrhea with different etiology, loss of liquid and electrolytes are the principle signs and the cause of death too. therefore, determination of the amounts of liquid and mainly electrolytes depletion is important in...

EVAL is a widely used yet frequently misunderstood SAS macro language function due to its seemingly simple form. However, when its actual argument is a complex macro expression interlaced with special characters, mixed arithmetic and logical operators, or macro quotation functions, its usage and result become elusive and problematic. In this paper, we aim to explore and demystify the intricate ...

Environmental considerations have imposed new restrictions in the planning and management of energy systems. This research aims at describing the necessity and application of a new concept in environmental responsibility accounting based on physical quantities to overcome the weaknesses of developed allocation methods, and to well internalize the external environmental damages using the exergy ...

In this paper, the environment is defined as the macro- and community-level factors, including physical, legal and policy factors, that influence household and individual decisions. Thus, environment is conceived as the external context in which household and individual decisions are made. This paper reviews the literature on the ways the environment affects diet, physical activity, and obesity...

Two benthic mollusc assemblages of the continental shelf on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, a tropical one in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and another, temperate, in Galicia, Spain were investigated, with a view to finding common environmental descriptors which would explain, on a macro-scale, why these assemblages are there. Both of the assemblages concerned show approximately the same species ri...

Phenotype can express different morphologies in response to biotic or abiotic environmental influences. Mollusks are particularly sensitive to different environmental parameters, showing macroscale shell morphology variations in response to environmental parameters. Few studies concern shell variations at the different scale levels along environmental gradients. Here, we investigate shell featu...

Wind energy is a fast-growing and promising renewable energy source. The investment costs of wind turbines have decreased over the years, making wind energy economically competitive to conventionally produced electricity. Size scaling in the form of a power law, experience curves and progress rates are used to estimate the cost development of ever-larger turbines. In life cycle assessment, scal...

Despite a large body of literature documenting the association between individual characteristics and financial literacy, our understanding impact macro-environmental conditions on literacy remains limited, particularly in later life. Drawing from micro–macro perspective social environment processes, we examined extent to which three state-level contextual were associated with literacy: tertiar...