Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a technique of measuring the weak magnetic fields generated in the heart during its functioning. MCG can be measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor that converts magnetic flux to voltage, and is the most sensitive sensor to detect magnetism. In this paper, analysis of myocardium current density distribution maps is proposed. Effec...

Based on brief introduction of the operation principle and superior performance of the permanent-magnet (PM) deflection type three-degrees-of-freedom motors, one novel PM motor air-gap magnetic-field calculation schemes based on the analytical and finite-element methods are presented and scalar magnetic-flux density calculation formulae in the spherical coordinate are developed. A rotor magneti...

The degree of linear polarization has recently been found to show wide random variations over the solar disk. These variations are presumably at least partly due to fluctuations in the flux density of turbulent photospheric magnetic fields and associated variations in the degree of Hanle depolarization. In order to understand the origin of such large scale fluctuations of the turbulent magnetic...

We present a detailed imaging and spectroscopic study of the conjugate hard X-ray (HXR) footpoints (FPs) observed with RHESSI in the 2003 October 29 X10 flare. The double FPs first move toward and then away from each other, mainly parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic neutral line, respectively. The transition of these two phases of FP unshearing motions coincides with the direction revers...

We present simulations of the dynamic critical state for a 2D superconductor with strong pinning centers, corresponding to a matching field twice the applied magnetic field. The sharp crossover between the plastic regime, at low current density and temperature, and the fluid flow regime for flux motion is characterized by the activation energy for flux motion and the transverse diffusion of the...

We use the spin-density-functional theory to study the effects of an external magnetic field on two-dimensional quantum dots with a non-circular hard-wall confining potential [1]. The increasing magnetic field leads to spin-polarization and formation of a highly inhomogeneous maximum-density droplet (MDD). The onset of the MDD can be predicted from the number of flux quanta which only depends o...

We consider that no mean magnetic field exists during this epoch, but that there is a mean magnetic energy associated with large-scale magnetic inhomogeneities. We study the evolution of these inhomogeneities and their influence on the large scale density structure, by introducing linear perturbations in Maxwell equations, the conservation of momentum-energy equation, and in Einstein field equa...

We explore the properties of the fragmentation of magnetic flux in solar active regions. We apply gradient-based tessellation to magnetograms of 59 active regions to identify flux fragments. First, we find that the distribution function of flux fragments in these regions is highly consistent with lognormal form, which is the most direct evidence yet obtained that repeated random bifurcation dom...

In oil industries, water injection into oil reservoirs for pressure maintenance, oil displacement, and oil recovery is a common technique. Formation damage during water injection is a major problem in this process. Formation damage from the incompatibility of formation water (FW) and injection water (IW) causes a reduction in the permeability around the injection wells. Therefore, it is necessa...