High temperature superconductors (HTS) might be applied for the magnets in a next step fusion device. The magnets could operate in the temperature range of liquid nitrogen or slightly below. Apart from the special requirements on the mechanical properties, the conductors will be exposed to radiation. We examine the influence of neutron irradiation on coated conductors. These conductors were irr...

Perianal fistulas are a major problem in many patients with Crohn's disease. These are usually complex fistulas that adversely affect patients' quality of life, and their clinical management is difficult. Medical treatment sometimes achieves cessation of discharge and closure of the external opening; however, it is difficult to assess the status of the rest of the fistula tract. Magnetic resona...

The aim of this study was to quantify a range of MR parameters [apparent proton density, longitudinal relaxation time T1, magnetisation transfer (MT) ratio, MT saturation (which represents the additional percentage MT saturation of the longitudinal magnetisation caused by a single MT pulse) and apparent transverse relaxation rate R2*] in the white matter columns and grey matter of the healthy c...

We theoretically study the creep of the inhomogeneous vortex density profile (the Bean state) in superconductors. The low temperatures experimental phenomenology, previously interpreted in terms of “quantum tunnelling” of vortices, is reproduced by Monte Carlo simulations of a purely “classical” vortex model. We demonstrate that a non-zero creep rate in the limit of vanishing temperature is to ...

OBJECTIVES This study is the first to use magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI), a technique sensitive to myelin and axonal abnormalities, to investigate the white matter in vivo in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS MTI was performed in 25 schizophrenic patients and 30 healthy controls. A region of interest (ROI) approach was used to obtain magnetisation transfer ratios (MTRs) in several re...

It is generally believed that an anomaly should be expected over the continent–ocean (C–O) boundary in the global magnetic anomaly maps. However, such maps prepared at satellite altitude do not show an anomaly over most of the C–O boundary. We address this issue by a forward modelling technique. We use a Geographic Information System (GIS) technique to integrate information of the various geolo...

Optimizing the heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles is of great importance for hyperthermia applications. Recent experimental results show that core/shell nanoparticles could give an increased specific absorption rate (SAR) compared to the magnetic oxide nanoparticles currently used. We have developed a modified phenomenological model based on the linear Néel-Brown relaxation model to c...

Trials of potential neuroreparative agents are becoming more important in the spectrum of multiple sclerosis research. Appropriate imaging outcomes are required that are feasible from a time and practicality point of view, as well as being sensitive and specific to myelin, while also being reproducible and clinically meaningful. Conventional MRI sequences have limited specificity for myelinatio...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Fatigue is the commonest symptom in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), affecting individuals at all stages of disease. The pathogenesis of fatigue in PBC is unknown although rat models suggest a central nervous system (CNS) cause. We examined the hypothesis that a CNS abnormality related to cholestasis, rather than cirrhosis per se, underlies this symptom. PATIENTS AND METHOD...

BACKGROUND Patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) often develop severe disability despite low levels of abnormality on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This may relate to diffuse pathological processes occurring in normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) involving both white matter (NAWM) and grey matter (NAGM). Magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) is capable of ...