Various foods are associated with effects against metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, their mechanisms of action are mostly unclear. Fatty acids may contribute by acting as precursors of signalling molecules or by direct activity on receptors. The medium- and long-chain NEFA receptor FFA1 (free fatty acid receptor 1, previously known as GPR40) has been li...

The effects of four different canola lecithins applied at proportions of 30 g fatty acid kgÿ1 diet were compared with diets containing either no additional lipid or the same amount of fatty acids from canola seed, pure canola oil and deoiled soy lecithin, respectively. Four types of canola lecithin with increasing dispersibility in water were used: raw; deoiled; deoiled/hydrolysed; and hydrolys...

The main objective of this work was anaerobic digestion of maize grains and maize silage and biogas production from these crops. Maize grains were treated using one-stage and two-stage anaerobic techniques; using hydrolysis and acidification as the first stage and methanogenesis as the second stage. Processing nonacidified maize grains in an anaerobic reactor is more stable, though the anaerobi...

Two isolates of Pratylenchus coffeae were collected from coffee roots (in Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil) and Aglaonema (in Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) and maintained in the laboratory on alfalfa callus. Twenty-four plants were tested in the greenhouse to characterize the host preference of these isolates. The host ranges of the isolates differed from each other and, in...

Increasing quantities of maize distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are being produced in the USA, and the nutritional value of “new generation” DDGS for pigs is much improved compared to traditional DDGS sources in the dry mill ethanol industry. Results from recent studies indicate that “new generation” DDGS is higher in digestible and metabolizable energy, apparent digestible amino a...

This scientific opinion reports on an evaluation of a risk assessment for placing on the market the genetically modified insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Bt11xGA21 for food and feed uses, import and processing. Conventional breeding methods were used in the production of maize Bt11xGA21 from inbred lines of the respective parental events. The structural integrity of the inserts in ...

The study investigated the dietary impact of 18:3n-3 vs. 18:2n-6 on fatty acid- and micronutrient concentration of beef muscle and the extent of diet- and processing-induced changes of lipid- and micronutrient concentrations of beef products made thereof (German Corned beef (GCB), tea sausage spread (TSS), scalded sausage (SS)). Beef and beef products were obtained from German Holstein bulls wh...

Maize streak virus (MSV) contributes significantly to the problem of extremely low African maize yields. Whilst a diverse range of MSV and MSV-like viruses are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and neighbouring islands, only a single group of maize-adapted variants - MSV subtypes A(1)-A(6) - causes severe enough disease in maize to influence yields substantially. In order to assist in designing eff...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) essential oil on the growth and FUM1 gene expression of fumonisin-producing Fusarium verticillioides (F. verticillioides) strains isolated from maize. Materials and Methods: All fungal strains were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) slopes at 30°C for 7 days. The antifungal activity was evaluate...

In their seed triacylglycerols, Cuphea carthagenensis contains 62% lauric acid; maize possesses 50% linoleic acid and 30% oleic acid; rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var Dwarf Essex) has 40% erucic acid; and Canola (Brassica napus L. var Tower) holds 60% oleic acid and 23% linoleic acid. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) in the microsomal preparations from maturing seeds of the above spe...