Shigella, the causative agents of bacillary dysentery, are capable of invading mammalian cells that are not normally phagocytic. Uptake of bacteria by the mammalian cells is directed by bacterial factors named IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD invasins, in which Ipa invasins secreted into the bacterial environment can interact with alpha5beta1 integrin. We report here that Shigella invasion of epithelial ce...

PURPOSE Sublethal damage repair (SLDR) is a type of repair that occurs in split-dose irradiated cells, which was discovered more than 50 years ago. However, due to conflicting reported data, it remains unclear which DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair, homologous recombination repair (HRR) or both, contributes to SLDR, particularly in human cel...

Nine halogenated monoterpenes isolated from the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum have been evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on the tumor cell lines CT26 (murine colon adenocarcinoma), SW480 (human colon adenocarcinoma), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and SkMel28 (human malignant melanoma) with several multidrug resistance mechanisms and the mammalian non-tumor cell line CHO (Chinese ...

Large-scale transient gene expression in mammalian cells is being developed for the rapid production of recombinant proteins for biochemical and preclinical studies. Here, the scalability of transient production of a recombinant human antibody in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was demonstrated in orbitally shaken disposable bioreactors at scales from 50 mL to 50 L. First, a small-scale multi...

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used mammalian hosts for production of therapeutic proteins. However, development of recombinant CHO cell lines has been hampered by unstable and variable transgene expression caused by random integration. Here we demonstrate efficient targeted gene integration into site-specific loci in CHO cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system and ...

The major immediate-early promoter and enhancer of the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV-MIE) is one of the most potent DNA elements driving recombinant gene expression in mammalian cells. Therefore, it is widely employed not only in research but also in large-scale industrial applications, e.g. for the production of therapeutic antibodies in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). As we have reported pre...

We addressed the question of whether furin is the endoprotease primarily responsible for processing the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) envelope protein gp160 in mammalian cells. The furin-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 strain RPE.40 processed gp160 as efficiently as wild-type CHO-K1 cells in vivo. Although furin can process gp160 in vitro, this processing is probably not ...

Borrelia burgdorferi adhere to mammalian cells in vitro but neither the ligand(s) nor the receptor(s) has (have) been clearly established. Using an in vitro attachment-inhibition assay, a B. burgdorferi attachment mechanism has been identified. Heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate reduced the attachment of virulent B. burgdorferi strain 297 to HeLa cells by approximately 60%. In addit...

OSW-1 is a new member of cholestane saponin family, which is cytotoxic against several types of malignant cells. We reported herein that OSW-1 induced apoptosis of mammalian cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The drug-induced apoptosis was mediated through the mitochondrial pathway, involving the cleavage of Bcl-2. This drug-induced Bcl-2 cleavage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO...

Mammalian cells in culture have been used to study the genetic effects of physical and chemical agents. We have used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, clone K1-BH4, to quantify mutations at the X-linked, large (35 kb) hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus (the CHO/HPRT assay) induced by environmental agents. By transfecting an hprt-deletion mutant CHO cell line with the p...