AUGUST 2011 CATARACT & REFRACTIVE SURGERY TODAY 31 P rogressive, asymmetrical corneal steepening associated with an increase in myopic and astigmatic refractive errors, combined with midperipheral and/or peripheral corneal thinning, represents a constellation of findings in ectatic corneal disorders (eg, keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration). These entitites are associated with asymme...

Background: Sulfur mustard is one of the chemical warfare gases that has been known as a vesicant or blistering agents. It is a chemical alkylating compound agent that can be frequently absorbed through skin, respiratory system, genital tract, and ocular system. This study was done to pathologically analyze the microscopic pancreatic lesions in cadavers. Methods: This case series study was per...

OBJECTIVE To determine the relation between retinal tears and scleral ectasia. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University-based referral practice in Montreal. PATIENTS Fifty-seven consecutive patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments undergoing scleral buckling surgery. Patients with a history of trauma or previous cryotherapy, laser treatment or other vitreoretinal proce...

Mammary branching morphogenesis is regulated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We sought to determine how these RTK signals alter proliferation and migration to accomplish tube elongation in mouse. Both behaviors occur but it has been difficult to determine their relative contribution to elongation in vivo, as mammary adipocytes scatter light and limit the depth of optical imaging. According...

Ductal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers among women, and the main cause of death is the formation of metastases. The development of metastases is caused by cancer cells that migrate from the primary tumour site (the mammary duct) through the blood vessels and extravasating they initiate metastasis. Here, we propose a multi-compartment model which mimics the dynamics of tumoural cells...

The carcinogenic property of 2-acetylaminofluorene was first described by Wilson and his associates (9) in 1941. Of 39 rats that received the compound in the food at a level of 0.031 to 0.125 per cent for 95 or more days, 19 developed malignant tumors, and 8 animals had multiple tmnors. These included 10 bladder carcinomas; 8 epidermoid carcinomas of the side of the face; 3 mammary carcinomas; ...

Keratoconus has usually been described as bilateral but asymmetric disease. Corneal ectasia is one of the long-term complications of modern refractive surgery, especially those submitted to laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). We describe a patient with keratoconus in the right eye that was submitted to radial keratectomy (RK) in the left eye 19 years ago with no progression of the ectatic cor...

BACKGROUND The human breast comprise several ductal systems, or lobes, which contain a small amount of fluid containing cells, hormones, proteins and metabolites. The complex physiology of these ducts is likely a contributing factor to the development of breast cancer, especially given that the vast majority of breast cancers begin in a single lobular unit. METHODS We examined the levels of t...

Breasts are one of the secondary sexual characteristics in females. They rout for nutrition & growing infant till 4-6 months age. Breast diseases most common females any society. Multiple types benign breast lesions like fibroadenomas, simple cyst, abscess, lymph nodes enlargement and different malignancies pathologies breast. Up to 30% women suffer from disease at time their life this comp...

Environmental chemicals may be involved in the etiology of breast cancer. There is substantial evidence that breast cancer risk is associated with prolonged exposure to female hormones. Among these hormonal influences a leading role is attributed to the ovarian hormone estradiol, since breast cancer does not develop in the absence of ovaries. The rat mammary gland has special characteristics th...