ELECT A new method that compensates for the low DC gain of nanometre operational amplifiers (opamps) used for high-speed continuous-time (CT) ΣΔ modulators is described. The proposed solution compensates for the integrator’s phase error which is a main limitation produced by the low opamp’s gain. The method uses a simple auxiliary gain stage and a resistor. Simulations of a second-order CT ΣΔ m...

It is the every person’s daily phenomenal experience that conscious states represent their contents as occurring now. Following Droege (2009) we could state that consciousness has a peculiar affinity for presence. Some researchers even argue that conscious awareness necessarily demands that mental content is somehow held “frozen” within a discrete progressive present moment (James, 1890; Lynds,...

INTRODUCTION Poverty is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB); it increases the risk of infection and active disease but limits diagnostic opportunities. The role of poverty in the stagnant case detection in Cambodia is unclear. This study aims to assess the relationship between district household poverty rates and sputum-positive TB case notification rates (CNRs) in Cambodia in 2010. METHODS P...

The operation of a pH (Hþ ion concentration) sensitive ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) microsystem with a sensitivity of 40– 45 mV=pH is demonstrated. This system has two identical ISFETs as the inputs to a pair of ISFET operational transconductance amplifiers (IOTAs) arranged in a novel differential architecture. The IOTAs have different sized p-MOSFET load transistors that enabl...

This paper presents the design of CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) with very small transconductance (of order of nano ampere per volt), which uses in very low frequency continuous time filters. This design uses current division technique to reduce the transconductance of OTA. This design is simulated in SPICE tool using 0.25μm technology model file.

OBJECTIVES Telephone follow-up is not currently recommended as a strategy to improve retention in randomized trials. The aims of this study were to estimate the effect of telephone follow-up on retention, identify participant characteristics predictive of questionnaire completion during or after telephone follow-up, and estimate the effect of including participants who provided follow-up data d...

Knowledge audit output helps organizations to make recommendation of KM strategy which later can be used for better managing the knowledge. This paper reviews literature on knowledge audit process with the aim to understand the process, the data gathering techniques employed and the roles of knowledge audit. It aims to report the research gaps and propose directions for future research in this ...

Despite allowing for the unprecedented visualization of brain functional activity, modern neurobiological techniques have not yet been able to provide satisfactory answers to important questions about the relationship between brain and mind. The aim of this paper is to show how two different but complementary approaches, Mind Operational Semantics (OS) and Brain Operational Architectonics (OA),...

This application note defines the ac specifications of voltage feedback operational amplifiers (Op Amps). Directly following these definitions, related amplifier circuits are given where the ramifications of the particular specifications causes less than optimum circuit performance. This is then followed with appropriate circuit solutions.The companion application note for DC specifications alo...